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            <gco:CharacterString>**Attention: Il existe une version plus récente de ce produit (SCANFI v2)**
Pour plus d'information sur SCANFI v2, voir: 
https://doi.org/10.23687/07653869-f303-46c2-a04e-9ab479b73cbf

Cette publication de données contient un ensemble de fichiers rasterisés de résolution de 30m représentant, pour l’année 2020, les types de couverture terrestre, la hauteur et la fermeture de la canopée forestière et la biomasse forestière aérienne, ainsi que la couverture de plusieurs espèces d'arbres importantes pour l’ensemble du Canada. Le produit de données spatialisées de l'inventaire forestier national canadien (SCANFI) a été développé à l'aide de la mise à jour de l'ensemble de données de photo-échantillons de l’inventaire forestier national (IFN), qui consiste en une grille d'échantillonnage régulière d'imagerie haute résolution photo-interprétée couvrant toute la masse terrestre non arctique du Canada. SCANFI a été produit en utilisant des images spectrales Landsat temporellement harmonisées pour l'été et l'hiver, divisées en plusieurs centaines de tuiles d'analyses régionales, utilisant une méthode innovante d'imputation des k plus proches voisins et de forêts d'arbres décisionnelles. 

Une description complète des méthodes et analyses de validation peut être trouvée dans Guindon et al. (2024). Les attributs de la végétation dans les écozones de l’Arctique ont été prédits à l’aide d’une seule forêt d’arbres décisionnelles, puisque ces régions se trouvaient à l’extérieur de la zone d’acquisition de l’IFN. Ainsi, les attributs de la végétation dans ces régions n’ont pas été rigoureusement validés. Le fichier raster « SCANFI_aux_arcticExtrapolationArea.tif » peut être utilisé pour identifier ces zones.

SCANFI n’a pas pour but de remplacer ni d’ignorer les inventaires provinciaux, qui peuvent inclure de meilleures données, avec une meilleure fréquence de mises à jour, de meilleurs jeux d’entraînement de modèles, et de meilleures connaissances locales. SCANFI a plutôt été développé afin de fournir une estimation actuelle et spatialement explicite des attributs forestiers, en utilisant une source de données et une méthodologie cohérente d’une province, d’un territoire à l’autre. SCANFI est la première série cohérente de cartes, couvrant l’ensemble du Canada à 30m, de la structure et de la composition d’espèces forestières, offrant de nouvelles opportunités pour une multitude d’études dans plusieurs domaines, tels que l’économie forestière, la science du feu et l’écologie.


# Limites d'utilisation
1-	Dans les sites fortement perturbés par des insectes ravageurs, le jeu d’entrainement ne contient pas toutes les variations spectrales possible, il n’est donc pas possible de prédire tous les cas de défoliation. Une région en particulier, qui a été fortement impacté par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette, est celle située sur la rive nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent. Ces forêts sont mal représentées dans notre jeu d’entrainement, ce qui entraine une imprécision dans nos estimés pour ces régions.  

2-	Les attributs des classes de peuplements ouverts, soit les arbustes, plantes herbacées, roches et bryophytes, sont plus difficiles à estimer lors de la photo-interprétation aérienne. Par conséquent, les estimations de celle-ci peuvent être moins fiables que celles des attributs forestiers.

3-	Tel que rapportée dans l’article, l’incertitude dans les prédictions de la couverture des espèces forestières est relativement élevée.  C’est particulièrement le cas pour les espèces moins fréquentes, tel que le pin ponderosa ou le mélèze laricin. L’utilisation des couches d’espèces forestières est adéquate pour analyses à échelle régionale et grossière. Aussi, la proportion de feuillues est aussi sensiblement sous-estimée dans cette version du produit.

4-	Notre validation indique que les régions du Yukon présentent une valeur R2 nettement inférieure. Par conséquent, les estimations dans ces zones sont moins fiables.

5-	Les zones urbaines et les routes ont la classe roche, selon la carte d’utilisation des terres d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada. Même si ces sites contiennent principalement des bâtiments et des infrastructures, ils peuvent toutefois contenir des arbres. Une classe de milieu forestier est généralement attribuée aux parcs urbains boisés. Une prédiction d’attributs de végétation est aussi faite pour les zones forestières situées en régions agricoles.


Des mises à jour de ce jeu de données seront éventuellement disponible à partir de cette page de métadonnées.


# Des détails sur le développement et la validation du produit peuvent être trouvés dans la publication suivante:
Guindon, L., Manka, F., Correia, D.L.P., Villemaire, P., Smiley, B., Bernier, P., Gauthier, S., Beaudoin, A., Boucher, J., and Boulanger, Y. 2024. A new approach for Spatializing the Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) using Landsat dense time series. Can. J. For. Res. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0118


# Veuillez svp citer cet ensemble de données comme suit :
Guindon L., Villemaire P., Correia D.L.P., Manka F., Lacarte S., Smiley B. 2023. SCANFI: Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/18e6a919-53fd-41ce-b4e2-44a9707c52dc 


# Les couches raster suivantes sont disponibles :
•	Valeurs de classe de couverture terrestre de l'IFN : les classes de couverture terrestre comprennent eau, roche, bryophytes, herbes, arbustes, feuillus arborescents, mixtes arborescents et conifères arborescents.
•	Biomasse aérienne des arbres (tonnes/ha) : la biomasse a été dérivée des estimations de volume marchand total produites par les agences provinciales. 
•	Hauteur (mètres) : hauteur de la végétation.
•	Fermeture de la couronne : pourcentage de pixel couvert par la canopée de tous les arbres.
•	Couverture des espèces d'arbres : pourcentage de la fermeture de la couronne de tous les arbres.
     o Couverture en pourcentage des sapins baumiers (Abies balsamea) 
     o Couverture en pourcentage des épinettes noires (Picea mariana)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des sapins de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des pins gris (Pinus banksiana)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des pins tordus (Pinus contorta)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des pins ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des mélèzes laricins (Larix laricina)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des pins blancs et rouges (Pinus strobus et Pinus resinosa)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des espèces d'arbres feuillus (PrcB)
     o Couverture en pourcentage des autres espèces de conifères (PrcC)</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">**Attention: there is a new version of this product (SCANFI v2)**
SCANFI v2 can be found here: 
https://doi.org/10.23687/07653869-f303-46c2-a04e-9ab479b73cbf

This data publication contains a set of 30m resolution raster files representing 2020 Canadian wall-to-wall maps of broad land cover type, forest canopy height, degree of crown closure and aboveground tree biomass, along with species composition of several major tree species. The Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product (SCANFI) was developed using the newly updated National Forest Inventory photo-plot dataset, which consists of a regular sample grid of photo-interpreted high-resolution imagery covering all of Canada’s non-arctic landmass. SCANFI was produced using temporally harmonized summer and winter Landsat spectral imagery along with hundreds of tile-level regional models based on a novel k-nearest neighbours and random forest imputation method. 

A full description of all methods and validation analyses can be found in Guindon et al. (2024). As the Arctic ecozones are outside NFI’s covered areas, the vegetation attributes in these regions were predicted using a single random forest model. The vegetation attributes in these arctic areas could not be rigorously validated. The raster file « SCANFI_aux_arcticExtrapolationArea.tif » identifies these zones.

SCANFI is not meant to replace nor ignore provincial inventories which could include better and more regularly updated inputs, training data and local knowledge. Instead, SCANFI was developed to provide a current, spatially-explicit estimate of forest attributes, using a consistent data source and methodology across all provincial boundaries and territories. SCANFI is the first coherent 30m Canadian wall-to-wall map of tree structure and species composition and opens novel opportunities for a plethora of studies in a number of areas, such as forest economics, fire science and ecology.


# Limitations
1-	 The spectral disturbances of some areas disturbed by pests are not comprehensively represented in the training set, thus making it impossible to predict all defoliation cases. One such area, severely impacted by the recent eastern spruce budworm outbreak, is located on the North Shore of the St-Lawrence River. These forests are misrepresented in our training data, there is therefore an imprecision in our estimates.

2-	Attributes of open stand classes, namely shrub, herbs, rock and bryoid, are more difficult to estimate through the photointerpretation of aerial images. Therefore, these estimates could be less reliable than the forest attribute estimates.

3-	As reported in the manuscript, the uncertainty of tree species cover predictions is relatively high. This is particularly true for less abundant tree species, such as ponderosa pine and tamarack. The tree species layers are therefore suitable for regional and coarser scale studies. Also, the broadleaf proportion are slightly underestimated in this product version.

4-	Our validation indicates that the areas in Yukon exhibit a notably lower R2 value. Consequently, estimates within these regions are less dependable. 

5-	Urban areas and roads are classified as rock, according to the 2020 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada land-use classification map. Even though those areas contain mostly buildings and infrastructure, they may also contain trees. Forested urban parks are usually classified as forested areas. Vegetation attributes are also predicted for forested areas in agricultural regions.


Updates of this dataset will eventually be available on this metadata page.


# Details on the product development and validation can be found in the following publication:
Guindon, L., Manka, F., Correia, D.L.P., Villemaire, P., Smiley, B., Bernier, P., Gauthier, S., Beaudoin, A., Boucher, J., and Boulanger, Y. 2024. A new approach for Spatializing the Canadian National Forest Inventory (SCANFI) using Landsat dense time series. Can. J. For. Res. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0118


# Please cite this dataset as:  
Guindon L., Villemaire P., Correia D.L.P., Manka F., Lacarte S., Smiley B. 2023. SCANFI: Spatialized CAnadian National Forest Inventory data product. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. https://doi.org/10.23687/18e6a919-53fd-41ce-b4e2-44a9707c52dc 


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•	NFI land cover class values: Land cover classes include Water, Rock, Bryoid, Herbs, Shrub, Treed broadleaf, Treed mixed and Treed conifer
•	Aboveground tree biomass (tonnes/ha): biomass was derived from total merchantable volume estimates produced by provincial agencies
•	Height (meters): vegetation height
•	Crown closure (%): percentage of pixel covered by the tree canopy
•	Tree species cover (%): estimated as the proportion of the canopy covered by each tree species:
     o Balsam fir tree cover in percentage (Abies balsamea)
     o Black spruce tree cover in percentage (Picea mariana)
     o Douglas fir tree cover in percentage (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
     o Jack pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus banksiana)
     o Lodgepole pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus contorta)
     o Ponderosa pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus ponderosa)
     o Tamarack tree cover in percentage (Larix laricina)
     o White and red pine tree cover in percentage (Pinus strobus and Pinus resinosa)
     o Broadleaf tree cover in percentage (PrcB)
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Fichier d'information "lisezmoi.txt"</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">"lisezmoi.txt" information file, french version</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Document de soutien;TXT;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">Supporting Document;TXT;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:eng-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://pfc.cfsnet.nfis.org/mapserver/cgi-bin/scanfi_eng.cgi?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;version=1.3.0&amp;layers=scanfi_dominant_species&amp;legend_format=image%2Fpng&amp;feature_info_type=text%2Fhtml</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>SCANFI Dominant Species</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">SCANFI Dominant Species</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Service Web;WMS;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">Web Service;WMS;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://pfc.cfsnet.nfis.org/mapserver/cgi-bin/scanfi_fra.cgi?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;version=1.3.0&amp;layers=genre_dominant_scanfi&amp;legend_format=image%2Fpng&amp;feature_info_type=text%2Fhtml</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Carte du genre dominant de l'SCANFI</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">Carte du genre dominant de l'SCANFI</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Service Web;WMS;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#eng">Web Service;WMS;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>