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            <gco:CharacterString>"Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective" maps Canadian geography in relation to gradients of regional climate, as expressed by potential vegetation on zonal sites. Compared to previous similar national-scale products, "Vegetation Zones of Canada" benefits from the work of provincial and territorial ecological classification programs over the last 30+ years, incorporating this regional knowledge of ecologically significant climatic gradients into a harmonized national map. This new map, reflecting vegetation and soils adapted to climates prior to approximately 1960, can serve as a broad-scale (approximately 1:5 M to 1:10 M) geospatial reference for monitoring and modeling effects of climate changes on Canadian ecosystems. 

"Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective" employs a two-level hierarchical legend. Level 1 vegetation zones reflect the global-scale latitudinal gradient of annual net radiation, as well as the effects of high elevation and west to east climatic and biogeographic variation across Canada. Within the level 1 vegetation zones, level 2 zones distinguish finer scale variation in zonal vegetation, especially in response to elevational and arctic climatic gradients, climate-related floristics and physiognomic diversity in the Great Plains, and maritime climatic influences on the east and west coasts. 

Thirty-three level 2 vegetation zones are recognized: 

 High Arctic Sparse Tundra
 Mid-Arctic Dwarf Shrub Tundra
 Low Arctic Shrub Tundra
 Subarctic Alpine Tundra
 Western Boreal Alpine Tundra
 Cordilleran Alpine Tundra
 Pacific Alpine Tundra
 Eastern Alpine Tundra
 Subarctic Woodland-Tundra
 Northern Boreal Woodland
 Northwestern Boreal Forest
 West-Central Boreal Forest
 Eastern Boreal Forest
 Atlantic Maritime Heathland
 Pacific Maritime Rainforest
 Pacific Dry Forest
 Pacific Montane Forest
 Cordilleran Subboreal Forest
 Cordilleran Montane Forest
 Cordilleran Rainforest
 Cordilleran Dry Forest
 Eastern Temperate Mixed Forest
 Eastern Temperate Deciduous Forest
 Acadian Temperate Forest
 Rocky Mountains Foothills Parkland
 Great Plains Parkland
 Intermontane Shrub-Steppe
 Rocky Mountains Foothills Fescue Grassland
 Great Plains Fescue Grassland
 Great Plains Mixedgrass Grassland
 Central Tallgrass Grassland
 Cypress Hills
 Glaciers


Please cite this dataset as: Baldwin, K.; Allen, L.; Basquill, S.; Chapman, K.; Downing, D.; Flynn, N.; MacKenzie, W.; Major, M.; Meades, W.; Meidinger, D.; Morneau, C.; Saucier, J-P.; Thorpe, J.; Uhlig, P. 2019. Vegetation Zones of Canada: a Biogeoclimatic Perspective. [Map] Scale 1:5,000,000. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Great Lake Forestry Center, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">« Zones de végétation du Canada : une perspective biogéoclimatique » cartographie la géographie du Canada selon les gradients du climat régional tel qu’exprimée par la végétation potentielle des sites à l’intérieur d’une zone. Lorsque comparé à des produits similaires antérieurs de même échelle, « Zones de végétation du Canada » tire profit des travaux menés par les programmes de classification écologique des provinces et territoires des 30 dernières années. Ces connaissances territoriales des gradients climatiques importants au niveau écologique ont été intégrées dans une carte nationale harmonisée. Cette nouvelle carte, qui reflète la végétation et les sols adaptés aux climats antérieurs à 1960, peut servir de référence géospatiale à petite échelle (environ 1:5 000 000 à 1:10 000 000) pour la surveillance et la modélisation des effets des changements climatiques sur les écosystèmes du Canada.

Les Zones de végétation du Canada sont constituées d’une structure hiérarchique à deux niveau.  Les zones de végétation de niveau 1 expriment le gradient de latitude de la radiation annuelle nette à l’échelle globale, les effets de l’altitude, et la variation biogéographique et climatique d’ouest en est au Canada. Au sein des zones de niveau 1, les zones de niveau 2 représentent une variation plus fine des zones de végétation, en particulier en réponse aux gradients altitudinaux, aux gradients climatiques arctiques, à la diversité floristique et physionomique liée au climat dans les Grandes Plaines, et aux influences climatiques maritimes sur les côtes est et ouest. 

Trente-trois zones de végétation de niveau 2 sont reconnues:

Toundras clairsemées du Haut-Arctique 
Toundras à arbustes nains du Moyen-Arctique
Toundras arbustives du Bas-Arctique
Toundras alpines subarctiques
Toundras alpines boréales de l'Ouest
Toundras alpines de la Cordillère
Toundras alpines du Pacifique
Toundras alpines de l'Est
Terres boisées et toundras subarctiques
Terres boisées boréales du Nord
Forêts boréales du Nord-Ouest
Forêts boréales du Centre-Ouest
Forêts boréales de l'Est
Landes maritimes de l'Atlantique
Forêts pluviales maritimes du Pacifique
Forêts sèches du Pacifique
Forêts montagnardes du Pacifique
Forêts sub-boréales de la Cordillère
Forêts montagnardes de la Cordillère
Forêts pluviales de la Cordillère 
Forêts sèches de la Cordillère
Forêts tempérées mixtes de l'Est
Forêts tempérées décidues de l’Est
Forêts tempérées acadiennes  
Forêts-parcs du piémont des montagnes Rocheuses
Forêts-parcs des Grandes plaines
Steppes arbustives intramontagneuses
Prairies à fétuque du piémont des montagnes Rocheuses
Prairies à fétuque des Grandes plaines
Prairies mixtes des Grandes plaines
Prairies à herbes hautes du Centre
Collines Cypress
Glaciers



SVP citer le jeu de données comme suit:  
Baldwin, K.; Allen, L.; Basquill, S.; Chapman, K.; Downing, D.; Flynn, N.; MacKenzie, W.; Major, M.; Meades, W.; Meidinger, D.; Morneau, C.; Saucier, J-P.; Thorpe, J.; Uhlig, P. 2019. Zones de végétation du Canada : une perspective biogéoclimatique. [Carte] Échelle 1:5 000 000. Ressources naturelles Canada, Service canadien des forêts. Centre de foresterie des Grands Lacs. Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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