324e3435-315f-4c68-b0e2-5bf222404769 2025-05-15T21:54:38.311176Z ISO 19115-3 - SEXTANT 1.0 2 false The GEBCO_2022 Grid - A continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land 2022-06-30 publication 2022-06-30 creation DTM_GEBCO_2022 The GEBCO_2022 Grid is a global continuous terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. In regions outside of the Arctic Ocean area, the grid uses as a base Version 2.4 of the SRTM15_plus data set (Tozer, B. et al, 2019). This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. Included on top of this base grid are gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Regional Centers of The Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. The GEBCO_2022 Grid represents all data within the 2022 compilation. The compilation of the GEBCO_2022 Grid was carried out at the Seabed 2030 Global Center, hosted at the National Oceanography Centre, UK, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. Outside of Polar regions, the Regional Centers provide their data sets as sparse grids i.e. only grid cells that contain data are populated. These data sets were included on to the base using a remove-restore blending procedure. This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the base grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing base grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the new and base data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. The data sets supplied in the form of complete grids (primarily areas north of 60N and south of 50S) were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software. The GEBCO_2022 Grid has been developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO). It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all. Funded by the Nippon Foundation, the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers include the Southern Ocean - hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany; South and West Pacific Ocean - hosted at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand; Atlantic and Indian Oceans - hosted at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA; Arctic and North Pacific Oceans - hosted at Stockholm University, Sweden and the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping at the University of New Hampshire, USA. GEBCO completed Seabed 2030 Global Data Center gdacc@seabed2030.org pointOfContact GEBCO Bathymetric Compilation Group 2022 enquiries@bodc.ac.uk author https://sextant.ifremer.fr/geonetwork/srv/api/records/01040a3e-e75b-48d1-9ece-e96b4ccdebc3/attachments/gebco2019.jfif /Physical Environment Thèmes Sextant 2022-01-25 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.sextant-theme Elevation GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2018-07-27 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, World, elevation, oceans /Marine geology/Gravity, magnetics and bathymetry Mission Atlantic - BODC Parameters 2022-01-25 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.mission-atlantic-bodc-parameters Mission Atlantic - Case Studies 2021-11-30 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.mission-atlantic-case-studies Spatial data products Mission Atlantic - Data type (DMP) 2021-11-30 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.mission-atlantic-data-type WP6 Dynamics of ecosystem state and resources WP4 Benthic Mapping Mission Atlantic - Work Package 2021-08-10 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.mission-atlantic-work-package Boulogne-sur-Mer Brest Cape Town Mexico Nouméa La Rochelle Santiago Toulon Ivory Coast Klaipeda (Lithuania) Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) Ocean Hackathon - Ville 2022-11-22 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.place.oh_ville Data Mission Atlantic - Resources 2021-12-08 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.mission-atlantic-resources DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION grid 15 utf8 oceans -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 GeoTIFF 1.0 https://seabed2030.org/ WWW:LINK SeaBed 2030 website https://download.gebco.net/ WWW:DOWNLOAD Download data for user-defined areas https://tiles.emodnet-bathymetry.eu/ WWW:LINK EMODnet Bathymetry WMTS service https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geoviewer WWW:LINK EMODnet viewer https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/gridded_bathymetry_data/gebco_2022/ WWW:LINK Gebco 2022 website RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 1089/2010 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 novembre 2010 portant modalités d'application de la directive 2007/2/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'interopérabilité des séries et des services de données géographiques 2010-12-08 publication See the referenced specification Grid development The GEBCO_2022 Grid is a continuous, global terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. It uses as a ‘base’ version 2.4 of the SRTM15+ data set between latitudes of 50° South and 60° North. This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. This version of SRTM15+ is similar to version 2.1 [Tozer et al., 2019] but includes additional data sets. It uses predicted depths based on the V31 gravity model [Sandwell et al., 2019]. The SRTM15+ base grid has been augmented with the gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers to produce the GEBCO_2022 Grid. The Regional Centers have compiled gridded bathymetric data sets, largely based on multibeam data, for their areas of responsibility. These regional grids were then provided to the Global Center. For areas outside of the polar regions (primarily south of 60°N and north of 50°S), these data sets are in the form of 'sparse grids', i.e. only grid cells that contain data were populated. For the polar regions, complete grids were provided due to the complexities of incorporating data held in polar coordinates. The compilation of the GEBCO_2022 Grid from these regional data grids was carried out at the Global Center, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. For the 2020 and 2021 releases of the GEBCO grid, the data sets provided as sparse grids by the Regional Centers were included on to the base grid without any blending. This led to discontinuities at the boundary between the regional grids and the base grids in some areas, largely in regions where the base grid is not constrained by measured data, i.e. areas of large differences between the data sets. For the 2022 Grid, the sparse regional grids have been included on to the base grid using a ‘remove-restore’ blending procedure (Smith and Sandwell, 1997; Becker, Sandwell and Smith, 2009 and Hell and Jakobsson, 2011). This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the ‘base’ grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing ‘base’ grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the 'new' and 'base' data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. However, please note that there may be differences between the 2022 and 2021 grid in regions outside areas of measured data due to the grid merging process. For the polar data sets supplied in the form of complete grids these data sets were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software version 23.1.0 made available by Blue Marble Geographics. Some additional edits were made to the final grid to remove erroneous values identified in the previous grid and notified to the Global Centre. The GEBCO_2022 Grid includes data sets from a number of international and national data repositories and regional mapping initiatives. Information on the data sets included in the grid is given in our data contributors list. Please see the accompanying documentation for more information on the development of the grid Adobe PDF of the documentation to accompany the GEBCO_2022 Grid (0.1 MB). Ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography The GEBCO_2022 grid is made available in two versions, containing: land and ice surface elevation information under-ice topography information for Greenland and Antarctica The information for ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography/bathymetry is taken from IceBridge BedMachine Greenland, Version 4.6 (Morlighem, M. et al. 2017) and data based on MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 (Morlighem, M. et al 2020). Land Data The land data in the GEBCO Grid are taken directly from SRTM15+ V2.4 data set for all areas outside the Polar regions – see the SRTM15_plus data set documentation for more information. South of 60°S, the land/ ice-surface elevation topography is largely determined from MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 (Morlighem, M. et al 2020). For areas north of 60°N, land data are largely taken from the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) data set (Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011).