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Vistgerðir á Íslandi: ferskvatn og fjörur (Habitat types of Iceland: freshwater and littoral shores).

Vistgerðakortið sýnir útbreiðslu ferskvatns- og fjöruvistgerða á Íslandi.
Alls hafa verið ákvarðaðar 17 vistgerðir fyrir ferskvatn og 24 vistgerðir fyrir fjörur. Ferskvatnsvistgerðir skiptast í tvö þrep, en fjöruvistgerðir í fimm þrep.

Við skilgreiningu og flokkun vistgerða á Íslandi var tekið mið af EUNIS-flokkunarkerfinu (European Environment Agency 2012) .

Landupplýsingaþekjan fyrir jarðhita, ferskvatns- og fjöruvistgerðir er á vektorformi. Vektorþekjurnar eru flestar flákaþekjur, en fyrir ferskvatn er einnig línu- og punktaþekja. Gögn fyrir stöðuvötn (vg2 = V1) eru fjarlægð tímabundið úr niðurhalsþjónustu vegna ágreinings um grunnkort Loftmynda ehf. en þekjan er sýnileg í kortasjá.

Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands leggur með ritinu Vistgerðir á Íslandi fram tillögur að flokkun vistgerða sem á sér fyrirmynd í samræmdri og viðurkenndri flokkun vistgerða í Evrópu. Flokkunin byggir á rannsóknum víða um land með fyrirvara um að bæta mætti í þá þekkingu.

Frekari upplýsingar um flokkun og skilgreiningu vistgerða má sjá í ritinu: Jón Gunnar Ottósson, Anna Sveinsdóttir og María Harðardóttir, ritstj. 2016. Vistgerðir á Íslandi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar nr. 54. 299 s. og á vef Náttúrufræðistofnunar.</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
               <gmd:otherConstraints>
                  <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/LimitationsOnPublicAccess/noLimitations">no limitations to public access</gmx:Anchor>
               </gmd:otherConstraints>
            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeListValue="vector"
                                                  codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode"/>
         </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
         <gmd:spatialResolution>
            <gmd:MD_Resolution>
               <gmd:equivalentScale>
                  <gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
                     <gmd:denominator>
                        <gco:Integer>25000</gco:Integer>
                     </gmd:denominator>
                  </gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
               </gmd:equivalentScale>
            </gmd:MD_Resolution>
         </gmd:spatialResolution>
         <gmd:language>
            <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/" codeListValue="eng"/>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:characterSet>
            <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeListValue="utf8"
                                     codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode"/>
         </gmd:characterSet>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>biota</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>oceans</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:temporalElement/>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
                     <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-24.75</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-13.19</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>63.29</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                     <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>66.60</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                  </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
               <gmd:temporalElement>
                  <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                     <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="Temporal">
                           <gml:beginPosition>2012-01-01</gml:beginPosition>
                           <gml:endPosition>2017-03-01</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                     </gmd:extent>
                  </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
               </gmd:temporalElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
      </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
      <gmd:MD_Distribution>
         <gmd:distributionFormat xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>ESRI ArcGIS File Geodatabase, ESRI Shapefile</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>10.7.0.10450</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://atlas.lmi.is/NI_Data/</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Niðurhalssíða Náttúrufræðistofnunar Íslands</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="download"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/midlun/opin-gogn</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Skilmálar (PDF) – Licence (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://vistgerdakort.ni.is/</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>NÁTT kortasja 'Vistgerðir og mikilvæg fuglasvæði á Íslandi'</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/grodur/vistgerdir/ferskvatn</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir á Íslandi: Ferskvatn (vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/grodur/vistgerdir/fjara</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir á Íslandi: Fjara (vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://utgafa.ni.is/fjolrit/Fjolrit_54.pdf</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Fjölritið Vistgerðir á Íslandi (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/midlun/grunngerd-landupplysinga/gagnalysingar-og-fitjuskrar</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Íslenskt fitjuskrá '530 Vistgerðir' sem tengjast staðlinum ÍST 120 (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://kort.gis.is/mapview/?app=kort&amp;l=is&amp;c=500000,500000&amp;z=3.0&amp;ls=13414,9034,9285,8934,8940&amp;op=9034_0.7,9285_1</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Skoða gögn í kortaglugga</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="information"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_pt</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Straumvötn</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_li</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Straumvötn</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_fl</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Fjörur – Habitat types: Littoral shores</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
      <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
         <gmd:scope>
            <gmd:DQ_Scope>
               <gmd:level>
                  <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeSpace="ISOTC211/19115"
                                    codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode"
                                    codeListValue="dataset"/>
               </gmd:level>
            </gmd:DQ_Scope>
         </gmd:scope>
         <gmd:report>
            <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
               <gmd:result>
                  <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
                     <gmd:specification>
                        <gmd:CI_Citation>
                           <gmd:title>
                              <gco:CharacterString>Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services</gco:CharacterString>
                           </gmd:title>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gmd:CI_Date>
                                 <gmd:date>
                                    <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
                                 </gmd:date>
                                 <gmd:dateType>
                                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode"
                                                         codeListValue="publication"
                                                         codeSpace="ISOTC211/19115"/>
                                 </gmd:dateType>
                              </gmd:CI_Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                        </gmd:CI_Citation>
                     </gmd:specification>
                     <gmd:explanation>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Validation has not been performed.</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:explanation>
                     <gmd:pass>
                        <gco:Boolean>false</gco:Boolean>
                     </gmd:pass>
                  </gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
               </gmd:result>
            </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
         </gmd:report>
         <gmd:lineage>
            <gmd:LI_Lineage>
               <gmd:statement>
                  <gco:CharacterString>Ferskvatnsvistgerðir eru kortlagðar út frá vatnafarsþekjum Veðurstofu Íslands (Vatnshlotavefsjá) og Loftmynda ehf. Stöðuvötn og straumvötn voru skjáhnituð í samræmi við vettvangsgögn og út frá nýjustu loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. hverju sinni. Upplýsingar um kaldar lindir og jarðhitalæki eru fengnar frá öðrum rannsóknum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2015 og úrvinnsla gagna var í samstarfi við Náttúrustofu Kópavogs.

Fjöruvistgerðir eru skjáhnitaðar í samræmi við vettvangsgögn og út frá nýjustu loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. hverju sinni. Auk þess voru vistgerðir kortlagðar eftir ljósmyndum, útreiknaðri brimasemi, heimildum og ýmsum fræðigreinum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2014.

Jarðhitavistgerðir eru skjáhnitaðar eftir loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. og innrauðum SPOT gervitunglamyndum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2013, auk þess sem notuð voru vettvangsgögn úr eldri rannsóknum NÍ, 2001-2002 og 2005-2008.

Nákvæmni gagna miðast við mælikvarða 1:25.000.


Fyrirvari um flokkun vistgerða

Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands leggur með ritinu Vistgerðir á Íslandi fram tillögur að flokkun vistgerða sem á sér fyrirmynd í samræmdri og viðurkenndri flokkun vistgerða í Evrópu. Flokkunin byggir á rannsóknum víða um land með fyrirvara um að bæta mætti í þá þekkingu.
Náttúrufræðistofnun tekur við ábendingum um leiðréttingar á vistgerðakorti í gegnum netfangið natt@natt.is (Subject: Ábending um leiðréttingar á vistgerðakorti).</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:statement>
            </gmd:LI_Lineage>
         </gmd:lineage>
      </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>