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            <gco:CharacterString>As part of a scientific assessment of critical habitat for boreal woodland caribou (Environment Canada 2011, see full reference in accompanying documentation), Environment Canada's Landscape Science and Technology Division was tasked with providing detailed anthropogenic disturbance mapping, across known caribou ranges, as of 2010. The attached dataset comprises the second 5-year update (first one in 2015) bringing the data up to 2020.

The original disturbance mapping was based on 30-metre resolution Landsat-5 imagery from 2008-2010. Since then, anthropogenic disturbances within 51 caribou ranges across Canada were remapped every five years to create a nationally consistent, reliable and repeatable geospatial dataset that followed a common methodology. The ranges were defined by individual provinces and territories across Canada. The methods developed were focused on mapping disturbances at a specific point of time, and were not designed to identify the age of disturbances, which can be of particular interest for disturbances that can be considered non-permanent, for example cutblocks. The resultant datasets were used for a caribou resource selection function (habitat modeling) and to assess overall disturbance levels on each caribou ranges. 

As with the 2010 mapping project, anthropogenic disturbance was defined as any human-caused disturbance to the natural landscape that could be visually identified from Landsat 30-metre multi-band imagery at a viewing scale of 1:50,000. The same concept was followed for the 2015 and 2020 disturbance mapping and any additional disturbance features that were observed since the original mapping date, were added. The 2015 database was used as a starting point for the 2020 database. Unlike the previous iteration, features were not removed in the mapping process which was a decision made in the name of time. Interpretation was carried out based on the most recent cloud free imagery available up to mid fall for a given year. Each disturbance feature type was represented in the database by a line or polygon depending on their geometric description. Linear disturbances included: roads, railways, powerlines, seismic exploration lines, pipelines, dams, air strips, as well as unknown features. Polygonal disturbances included: cutblocks, harvest (added in 2020), mines, built-up areas, well sites, agriculture, oil and gas facilities, as well as unknown features. 

For each type of anthropogenic disturbance, a clear description was established (see Appendix 7.2 of the science assessment) to maintain consistency in identifying the various disturbances in the imagery by the different interpreters. Features were only digitized if they were clearly visible in the Landsat imagery at the prescribed viewing scale. 

In comparison to the previous mapping protocol, one enhancement to the mapping process in 2020 was the addition of CFS harvest polygons (Ref: NRCan-CFS NTEMS; Wulder 2020) into the database prior to interpretation. This considerably reduced the digitizing time for polygons and accelerated the data collection process. The CFS harvest polygons were checked before inclusion, removing some which had been generated erroneously in their process.

A 2nd interpreter quality-control phase was carried out to ensure high quality, complete and consistent data collection. Subsequently, the vector data of individual linear and polygonal disturbances were buffered by a 500-metre radius, representing their extended zone of impact upon boreal caribou herds. Additionally, forest fire polygons for the past forty years (CNFDB 1981-2020) were merged into the buffered anthropogenic footprint in order to create an overall disturbance footprint. 

These buffered datasets were used in the calculation of range disturbance levels and for integrated risk assessment analysis.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Dans le cadre d'une évaluation scientifique de l'habitat essentiel du caribou des bois boréal (Environnement Canada 2011, se reporter à la référence complète dans la documentation d’accompagnement), la division de la science et de la technologie du paysage d'Environnement et Changement climatique Canada avait pour tâche de fournir une cartographie détaillée des perturbations anthropiques, à partir de 2010, à travers les aires de répartition connues du caribou. L’ensemble de données ci-joint constituent la deuxième mise à jour quinquennale (la première en 2015) qui porte les données jusqu’en 2020.

La cartographie initiale des perturbations était basée sur des images Landsat-5 d'une résolution spatiale de 30 mètres, prises entre 2008 et 2010. Depuis, les perturbations anthropiques dans 51 aires de répartition du caribou au Canada ont été recartographiées tous les cinq ans afin de créer un ensemble de données géospatiales cohérent, fiable et reproductible à l'échelle nationale, en suivant une méthodologie commune. Ces aires de répartition étaient délimitées par province et territoire dans l’ensemble du pays. Les méthodes développées étaient axées sur la cartographie des perturbations à un moment donné et ne visaient pas à déterminer l’âge des perturbations, ce qui peut présenter un intérêt particulier pour les perturbations pouvant être considérées comme non permanentes, par exemple les aires de coupe. Les ensembles de données résultants ont été utilisés pour une fonction de sélection des ressources de caribou (modélisation de l’habitat) et pour évaluer les niveaux de perturbation globaux dans chaque aire de répartition du caribou.

Comme pour le projet de cartographie de 2010, la perturbation anthropique a été définie comme toute perturbation d’origine humaine sur le paysage naturel et pouvant être identifiée visuellement à partir d’images Landsat multi bandes d’une résolution de 30 mètres à une échelle de visualisation de 1:50 000. Le même concept a été suivi pour la cartographie des perturbations en 2015 et 2020 et toute perturbation supplémentaire observée depuis la date de cartographie initiale a été ajoutée. La base de données de 2015 a servi de point de départ à la base de données de 2020. Contrairement à l'itération précédente, les entités n'ont pas été supprimées au cours du processus de cartographie, une décision prise au nom du temps. L'interprétation a été réalisée sur la base des images sans nuages les plus récentes disponibles jusqu'au milieu de l'automne pour une année donnée. Chaque type d'entité de perturbation était représenté dans la base de données par une ligne ou un polygone, en fonction de leur description géométrique. Les perturbations linéaires incluaient: les routes, les lignes électriques, les chemins de fer, les lignes d’exploration sismique, les pipelines, les barrages, les pistes d'atterrissage, ainsi que des éléments inconnus. Les perturbations polygonales incluaient: des aires de coupe, des polygones de récolte (ajouté en 2020), des mines, des aires bâties, des sites de puits, des installations agricoles, des installations pétrolières et gazières, ainsi que des caractéristiques inconnues. 

Pour chaque type de perturbation anthropique, une description claire a été établie (voir l'annexe 7.2 de l'évaluation scientifique) afin de maintenir la cohérence dans l'identification des diverses perturbations de l’imagerie par les différents interprètes. Les entités n’étaient numérisées que s’ils étaient visibles sur l’imagerie Landsat à l'échelle d’affichage prescrite.

Par rapport au protocole de cartographie précédent, l'une des améliorations apportées au processus de cartographie en 2020 était l'ajout des polygones de récolte du SCF (Réf: RNCan-SCF NTEMS ; Wulder 2020) dans la base de données avant l'interprétation. Cela a considérablement réduit le temps de numérisation des polygones et accéléré le processus de recueil des données. Les polygones de récolte du SCF ont été vérifiés avant d'être inclus, éliminant certains polygones générés par erreur dans leur processus.

Une phase de contrôle de la qualité par un deuxième interprète a été réalisée afin de s'assurer de la qualité, de l'intégralité et de la cohérence des données recueillies. Ensuite, un tampon de 500m radial, représentant la zone d'influence sur les populations de caribou boréal, a été ajouté aux données vectorielles. De plus, les polygones représentant les feux de forêt des quarante dernières années (BNDFFC1981-2020) ont été fusionnés à l'empreinte anthropique tamponnée afin de créer une empreinte de perturbation totale.

Ces ensembles de données tamponnées ont été utilisés pour calculer les niveaux de perturbation totale dans chaque aire de répartition et pour l'analyse de l'évaluation intégrée des risques.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Document de soutien;LYR;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_375"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:eng-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/rest/services/STB_DGST/DisturbanceFootprintUpdatedFor2020/MapServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Map Service</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Disturbance Footprint Updated For 2020</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Empreinte Des Perturbations Pour 2020</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/rest/services/STB_DGST/EmpreinteDesPerturbationsPour2020/MapServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Map Service</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Disturbance Footprint Updated For 2020</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Empreinte Des Perturbations Pour 2020</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:eng-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/services/STB_DGST/DisturbanceFootprintUpdatedFor2020/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Disturbance Footprint Updated For 2020</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Empreinte Des Perturbations Pour 2020</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/services/STB_DGST/EmpreinteDesPerturbationsPour2020/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Disturbance Footprint Updated For 2020</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Empreinte Des Perturbations Pour 2020</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>