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            <gco:CharacterString>The shallow, coastal regions of the world’s oceans are highly productive ecosystems providing important habitat for commercial, forage, endangered, and iconic species. Given the diversity of ecosystem services produced or supported by this ecosystem, a better understanding of its structure and function is central to developing an ecosystem-based approach to management. However this region termed the ‘white strip’ by marine geologists because of the general lack of high-resolution bathymetric data - is dynamic, highly variable, and difficult to access making data collection challenging and expensive. Since substrate is a key indicator of habitat in this important ecosystem, we created a continuous substrate map of Bottom Patches (BoPs) from the best available bottom type data using an approach that is simple, quantitative, and transparent making it amenable to iterative improvement as data quality and availability improve. To provide subsequent analyses (such as habitat models) with some confidence in the defined bottom type values, we developed a corresponding confidence surface based on the agreement of, and distance between observations. Such data are critical to assessments of species distributions and anthropogenic risk. 

Bottom patches (BoPs) have been created to represent bottom type for the entire Pacific Canadian coast from the high high water line to a depth of 50 metres (m). As a polygon representation, the BoPs describe patches of similar substrate prescribed by depth classes and the available field observations. In the areas where no observations are available, predicted bottom type values are used. The approach is described in Gregr et al. (2013), as a spatial framework for representing nearshore ecosystems. 

Accuracy of the bottom type depends on a multitude of factors but primarily the reliability and density of the bottom type observations. The horizontal accuracy of these data likely ranges from metres to 10s of metres because of the source data or data processing required. Areas with a higher data density, where the data show strong coherence, are understood to have higher accuracy. The BoPs use depth ribbons (polygons describing bathymetric ecozones) as an input. Depth ribbons for Pacific Canada were created from a high resolution (20 x 20 m2) bathymetry. Given the resolution of these data, processing was facilitated by dividing the Pacific Coast into 5 regions.

The West Coast of Vancouver Island, extending from Cape Sutil in the North past Port San Juan to the South, includes a total of 110,313 BoP polygons. Bottom Patches for Queen Charlotte Strait and Strait of Georgia regions were combined for a total of 235,754 BoP polygons. The North Central Coast region, extending from the Alaskan border in the North to Cape Caution in the South, includes a total of 431,639 BoP polygons. The Haida Gwaii region includes a total of 86,825 BoP polygons.

These data are intended for scientific research only. The developers (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, SciTech Environmental Consulting) are not responsible for damages resulting from any omissions or errors that may be contained in this dataset and expressly disclaims any warranty of fitness for any particular purpose. Developers shall not be liable for any losses, financial or otherwise, due to the use of these data. The user assumes the entire risk as to the suitability, results and performance of the dataset for their proposed use. Please credit SciTech and Fisheries and Oceans Canada as the source of the data in any maps, reports, or articles that are printed or published on paper or the Internet.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Les régions côtières peu profondes des océans du monde sont des écosystèmes très productifs qui permettent l’occurence des espèces commerciales, fourragères, en voie de disparition et iconiques. Compte tenu de la diversité des services produit ou soutenu par cet écosystème, une meilleure compréhension de sa structure et de sa fonction est essentielle pour développer une stratégie de gestion basée sur ces écosystèmes. Cependant, cette région, appelée ’zone blanche’ par les géologues marins à cause d’un manque général de données bathymétriques à haute résolution, est dynamique, très variable  et difficile à accéder , ce qui rend le processus de la collection de données compliqué et coûteux. Puisque les substrats sont des indicateurs clés d’habitat dans cet écosystème important, nous avons créé une carte substrat continu du fond marin à partir des meilleures données de substrats disponibles en utilisant une approche qui est simple, quantitative et transparente, ce qui la rend sensible à l’amélioration itérative en termes de la qualité des données et la disponibilité de nouvelles données. Pour fournir à des analyses futures (telles que des modèles de distribution d’habitat) une mesure d’incertidute, nous avons développé une surface de confiance basée sur l’accord des différentes sources de substrats et la distance entre les observations. Ces données sont essentielles pour l'évaluation de la distribution des espèces et les risques anthropiques.

Les polygones de fond ont été créé pour représenter les types de fonds pour toute la côte pacifique canadienne de la ligne de marée haute à une profondeur de 50 mètres (m). En tant que représentation polygonale, les polygones de fond décrivent des polygones de substrat similaires, catégorisé par les classes de profondeur et les observations de terrain disponibles. Dans les zones où il n’y a pas d’observation, des valeurs prédites pour le substrat sont utilisées.  Cette approche est décrite dans Gregr et al. (2013)

La précision du substrat dépend d'une multitude de facteurs, mais principalement de la fiabilité et de la densité des observations. La précision horizontale de ces données varie probablement de quelques mètres à des dizaines de mètres dépendamment de la source des données ou du traitement requis. Les zones avec une densité de données plus élevée, où les données démontrent une forte cohérence, ont une plus grande précision. Les polygones de fond  utilisent des rubans de profondeur (polygones décrivant les éco zones bathymétriques). Des rubans de profondeur pour le Canada Pacifique ont été créés à partir d'un raster à haute résolution (20 x 20 m 2). Compte tenu de la résolution de ces données, l’application de la méthode a été facilité par la division de la côte Pacifique en cinq régions.

La côte ouest de l'île de Vancouver, qui s'étend du cap Sutil au nord jusqu’au Port San Juan au sud, comprend un total de 110 313 polygones de fond. Les polygones de fond du détroit de la Reine-Charlotte et les régions du détroit de Géorgie ont été combinées pour un total de 235 754 polygones de fond. La région de la côte nord-centrale, s'étendant de la frontière de l'Alaska au nord jusqu’à Cape Caution au  sud, comprend un total de 431.639 polygones de fond. La région de Haida Gwaii comprend un total de 86 825 polygones de fond. 

Ces données sont destinées à la recherche scientifique seulement. Les créateurs (Pêches et Océans Canada , SciTech Environmental Consulting) ne sont pas responsables des dommages résultant de toute omission ou erreurs qui peuvent être contenues dans cet ensemble de données et nient expressément toute garantie d'aptitude pour n’importe quelle raison particulière. Les créateurs ne sont pas responsables des pertes, financières ou autres, dues à l'utilisation de ces données. L'utilisateur assume tous les risques liés à la pertinence technique, aux résultats et aux performances de l'ensemble de données. Veuillez créditer SciTech et Pêches et Océans Canada (MPO) comme source des données dans n’importe quel cartes, rapports ou articles imprimés ou publiés sur papier ou sur Internet.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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