a53ad03f-3538-5383-3837-000000058796 Laboratory of Oceanography and Climate, Experiments and numerical Approaches Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Boîte 100 4 place Jussieu Paris 75005 France direction@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr https://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/index.php?lang=fr web site 2026-04-02T00:00:00 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 WGS 1984 SIMBA data acquired during IAOOS drifts from the North-Pole to Fram Strait in 2013 2019-01-22 2020-06-18 2020-12-14 a53ad03f-3538-5383-3837-000000058796 DOI:10.17882/58796 Sennechael Nathalie, Provost Christine, Gascard Jean-Claude, Calzas Michel, Drezen Christine, Garracio Magali (2019). SIMBA data acquired during IAOOS drifts from the North-Pole to Fram Strait in 2013. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/58796 We report continuous observations in the high Arctic (north of 84°N) over the full 2013 summer season at two nearby sites with distinct initial snow depth, ice thickness and altitude with respect to the local ice topography. The two sites subject to similar atmospheric conditions that did not favor strong ice melt showed a contrasted evolution. One site, with an initial thin sea ice (1.40 m) at a low location of the floe, witnessed the formation of a spectacular 1.20 m-deep melt pond, a pond-enhanced erosion of the ice surface and a sudden pond drainage into the ocean. Then, the outpoured fresh water rapidly froze, heated the old ice from below and also acted as a temporary shield from the ocean heat flux while it was progressively ablated through dissolution. Eventually, the site almost recovered its initial ice thickness. In contrast, the other site, with an initial thicker sea ice (1.75 m) at a high location of the floe, did not support any significant melt water and underwent over 0.5 m of continuous basal ablation. The two sites witnessed formation of superimposed and interposed ice. Sea-ice survived summer melt at the two sites which entered the refreezing season with similar snow and ice thicknesses. For the first time, processes associated with the formation of a deep melt pond and subsequent false bottom evolution are continuously documented with ice mass balance instruments.  Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications. SEA scieNtific Open data Edition By address: IFREMER / IDM / SISMER - Scientific Information Systems for the SEA, IFREMER Centre de Bretagne, ZI Pointe du diable CS 10070 PLOUZANE 29280 France data@seanoe.org https://www.seanoe.org/ web site Ifremer, Scientific Information Systems for the sea IFREMER Centre de Bretagne ZI Pointe du diable CS 10070 PLOUZANE 29280 France sismer@ifremer.fr https://data.ifremer.fr/Centre-de-donnees web site Ifremer, Scientific Information Systems for the sea IFREMER Centre de Bretagne ZI Pointe du diable CS 10070 PLOUZANE 29280 France sismer@ifremer.fr https://data.ifremer.fr/Centre-de-donnees web site Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme Arctic Ocean North America Mainland SeaVoX salt and fresh water body gazetteer 2024-01-15 SeaVoX salt and fresh water body gazetteer Water column temperature and salinity SeaDataNet Agreed Parameter Groups 2023-07-04 SeaDataNet Agreed Parameter Groups snow and ice samplers SeaDataNet device categories 2024-01-16 SeaDataNet device categories SeaVoX Device Catalogue 2024-01-29 SeaVoX Device Catalogue Temperature of the water column SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary 2023-12-12 SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary CRUISE SUMMARY REPORT INVENTORY (CSR) 2023-10-02 ice shelf SeaVoX Platform Categories 2024-01-16 SeaVoX Platform Categories ICES Platform Codes 2024-01-16 ICES Platform Codes EUROPEAN DIRECTORY OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROJECTS (EDMERP) 2020-06-05 Network Common Data Form MEDIN data format categories 2024-01-29 MEDIN data format categories World Register of Marine Species (WORMS) 2024-02-07 hour to sub-day SeaDataNet Measurement Periodicity Categories 2024-01-29 SeaDataNet Measurement Periodicity Categories BODC-approved data storage units (Spatial Unit) 2023-10-12 BODC-approved data storage units (Spatial Unit) BODC-approved data storage units (Vertical Unit) 2023-10-12 BODC-approved data storage units (Vertical Unit) no limitations to public access Conditions for access and use apply CC-BY 4.0 Oceans 2013-04-15 2013-09-21 -4 -65 83 89 Network Common Data Form 1 https://cloud.emodnet-ingestion.eu/index.php/s/BnEMEZMpWV0S9P5 WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1205/2008 of 3 December 2008 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards metadata 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification false Corrigendum to INSPIRE Metadata Regulation published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L 328, page 83 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification false Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification false Raw data|On both IAOOS2 and IAOOS4 plaforms, the ice instrument is a SIMBA (SAMS Ice Mass Balance for the Arctic ). A SIMBA comprises a GPS and a 5 m long chain cable hanging through air, snow, sea-ice and ocean. The chain comprises solid-state sensors located every 2 cm measuring temperature at approximately 0.18°C accuracy (resolution 1/16°C). The SIMBA also features a heating mode which can be used to discriminate between different media, especially between snow and ice.