<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gmd:MD_Metadata xmlns:gmd="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd"
                 xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
                 xmlns:gfc="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gfc"
                 xmlns:srv="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/srv"
                 xmlns:gts="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gts"
                 xmlns:gco="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco"
                 xmlns:gss="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gss"
                 xmlns:gmx="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmx"
                 xmlns:gsr="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gsr"
                 xmlns="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd"
                 xmlns:gmi="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmi"
                 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
                 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/tools/schemas/metadata/can-cgsb-171.100-2009-a/gmd/gmd.xsd http://www.isotc211.org/2005/srv http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/tools/schemas/metadata/can-cgsb-171.100-2009-a/srv/srv.xsd http://www.geconnections.org/nap/napMetadataTools/napXsd/napm http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/tools/schemas/metadata/can-cgsb-171.100-2009-a/napm/napm.xsd">
  <gmd:fileIdentifier>
      <gco:CharacterString>add1346b-f632-4eb9-a83d-a662b38655ad</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:fileIdentifier>
  <gmd:language>
      <gco:CharacterString>eng; CAN</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:language>
  <gmd:characterSet>
      <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode xmlns=""
                               codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_95"
                               codeListValue="RI_458">utf8; utf8</gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode>
  </gmd:characterSet>
  <gmd:hierarchyLevel>
      <gmd:MD_ScopeCode xmlns=""
                        codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_108"
                        codeListValue="RI_622">dataset; jeuDonnées</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>
  </gmd:hierarchyLevel>
  <gmd:contact>
      <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
         <gmd:individualName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
            <gco:CharacterString>Philippe Villemaire</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Philippe Villemaire</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:individualName>
         <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
            <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Service canadien des forêts</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:organisationName>
         <gmd:positionName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
            <gco:CharacterString>Geomatics Specialist</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Spécialiste en géomatique</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:positionName>
         <gmd:contactInfo>
            <gmd:CI_Contact>
               <gmd:phone>
                  <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                     <gmd:voice xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>voice; 1 (418) 6484492</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">voix; 1 (418) 648-4492</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:voice>
                     <gmd:facsimile>
                        <gco:CharacterString>1 (418) 648-5849</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:facsimile>
                  </gmd:CI_Telephone>
               </gmd:phone>
               <gmd:address>
                  <gmd:CI_Address>
                     <gmd:deliveryPoint xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>1055 rue du PEPS</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">1055 rue du PEPS</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                     <gmd:city xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Québec</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Québec</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:city>
                     <gmd:administrativeArea xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Quebec</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Québec</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:administrativeArea>
                     <gmd:postalCode xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:postalCode>
                     <gmd:country xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Canada</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Canada</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:country>
                     <gmd:electronicMailAddress xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>philippe.villemaire@canada.ca</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">philippe.villemaire@canada.ca</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                  </gmd:CI_Address>
               </gmd:address>
               <gmd:onlineResource>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/research-centres/lfc/13473</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onlineResource>
            </gmd:CI_Contact>
         </gmd:contactInfo>
         <gmd:role>
            <gmd:CI_RoleCode xmlns=""
                             codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
                             codeListValue="RI_417">publisher; éditeur</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
         </gmd:role>
      </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
  </gmd:contact>
  <gmd:dateStamp>
      <gco:DateTime>2020-11-18T14:42:34</gco:DateTime>
  </gmd:dateStamp>
  <gmd:metadataStandardName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
      <gco:CharacterString>North American Profile of ISO 19115:2003 - Geographic information - Metadata</gco:CharacterString>
      <gmd:PT_FreeText>
         <gmd:textGroup>
            <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Profil nord-américain de la norme ISO 19115:2003 - Information géographique - Métadonnées</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
         </gmd:textGroup>
      </gmd:PT_FreeText>
  </gmd:metadataStandardName>
  <gmd:metadataStandardVersion>
      <gco:CharacterString>CAN/CGSB-171.100-2009</gco:CharacterString>
  </gmd:metadataStandardVersion>
  <gmd:dataSetURI gco:nilReason="missing">
      <gco:CharacterString/>
  </gmd:dataSetURI>
  <gmd:locale>
      <gmd:PT_Locale xmlns="" id="fra">
         <gmd:languageCode>
            <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_116"
                              codeListValue="fra">French; Français</gmd:LanguageCode>
         </gmd:languageCode>
         <gmd:country>
            <gmd:Country codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_117"
                         codeListValue="CAN">Canada; Canada</gmd:Country>
         </gmd:country>
         <gmd:characterEncoding>
            <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_95"
                                     codeListValue="RI_458">utf8; utf8</gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode>
         </gmd:characterEncoding>
      </gmd:PT_Locale>
  </gmd:locale>
  <gmd:spatialRepresentationInfo/>
  <gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
      <gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
         <gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
            <gmd:RS_Identifier>
               <gmd:code>
                  <gco:CharacterString>SR-ORG:8787</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:code>
               <gmd:codeSpace>
                  <gco:CharacterString>http://www.spatialreference.org/ref/sr-org/8787/</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:codeSpace>
               <gmd:version gco:nilReason="missing">
                  <gco:CharacterString/>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:RS_Identifier>
         </gmd:referenceSystemIdentifier>
      </gmd:MD_ReferenceSystem>
  </gmd:referenceSystemInfo>
  <gmd:identificationInfo>
      <gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
         <gmd:citation>
            <gmd:CI_Citation>
               <gmd:title xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Produit Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:title>
               <gmd:date>
                  <gmd:CI_Date>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2017-11-09</gco:Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode xmlns=""
                                             codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
                                             codeListValue="RI_367">publication; publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                     </gmd:dateType>
                  </gmd:CI_Date>
               </gmd:date>
               <gmd:date>
                  <gmd:CI_Date>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2017</gco:Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode xmlns=""
                                             codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
                                             codeListValue="RI_366">creation; création</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                     </gmd:dateType>
                  </gmd:CI_Date>
               </gmd:date>
               <gmd:edition gco:nilReason="missing">
                  <gco:CharacterString/>
               </gmd:edition>
               <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                  <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     <gmd:individualName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Luc Guindon</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">André Beaudoin</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:individualName>
                     <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Service canadien des forêts</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:organisationName>
                     <gmd:positionName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Analyst, Remote Sensing</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Analyste, télédétection</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:positionName>
                     <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                           <gmd:phone>
                              <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                                 <gmd:voice xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>voice; (418) 649-6131</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">voice; (418) 649-6131</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:voice>
                                 <gmd:facsimile>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>1 (418) 648-5849</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:facsimile>
                              </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                           </gmd:phone>
                           <gmd:address>
                              <gmd:CI_Address>
                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>1055 rue du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, succ. Sainte-Foy</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">1055 rue du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, succ. Sainte-Foy</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                 <gmd:city xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Québec</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Québec</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:city>
                                 <gmd:administrativeArea xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Quebec</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Québec</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:administrativeArea>
                                 <gmd:postalCode xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:postalCode>
                                 <gmd:country xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Canada</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Canada</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:country>
                                 <gmd:electronicMailAddress xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>luc.guindon@canada.ca</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">luc.guindon@canada.ca</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                              </gmd:CI_Address>
                           </gmd:address>
                           <gmd:onlineResource>
                              <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                                 <gmd:linkage>
                                    <gmd:URL>http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/research-centres/lfc/13473</gmd:URL>
                                 </gmd:linkage>
                                 <gmd:protocol>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:protocol>
                              </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                           </gmd:onlineResource>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                     </gmd:contactInfo>
                     <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode xmlns=""
                                         codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
                                         codeListValue="RI_418">author; auteur</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                     </gmd:role>
                  </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
               </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
               <gmd:presentationForm>
                  <gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode xmlns=""
                                               codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_89"
                                               codeListValue="RI_391">mapDigital;carteNumérique</gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode>
               </gmd:presentationForm>
               <gmd:series>
                  <gmd:CI_Series>
                     <gmd:name/>
                     <gmd:issueIdentification gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:issueIdentification>
                  </gmd:CI_Series>
               </gmd:series>
            </gmd:CI_Citation>
         </gmd:citation>
         <gmd:abstract xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
            <gco:CharacterString>This data publication contains a set of files in which areas affected by fire or by harvest from 1984 to 2015 are identified at the level of individual 30m pixels on the Landsat grid. Details of the product development can be found in Guindon et al (2018).  
  
The change detection is based on reflectance-corrected yearly summer (July and August) Landsat mosaics from 1984 to 2015 created from individual scenes developed from USGS reflectance products  (Masek et al, 2006; Vermote et al, 2006). Briefly, the change detection method uses a six-year temporal signature centered on the disturbance year to identify fire, harvest and no change.  The signatures were derived from visually-interpreted disturbance or no-change polygons that were used to fit a decision tree model.  
  
The method detects about 91% of the areas harvested and 85% of the areas burned across Canada’s forests over the study period, but overestimates areas disturbed in the two initial and mostly in the two final years of the 1985 to 2015 time series. This is caused by the absence of appropriate pre-disturbance and post-disturbance data for the model-based detection and attribution.  Disturbance coverage in those four years should therefore be used with caution. As in Guindon et al (2014), the method was designed to minimize commission errors and has a disturbance class attribution success rate of about 98%. The attribution success rate of disturbance year for fire is of about 69% for the exact year and of about 99% when attribution to the following year is also considered as a success.  This common one-year lag is mostly due to the use of mid-summer Landsat mosaics for the analysis that will cause spring and fall events of the same year to be attributed to successive years. For example, a fire that occurred in the fall of 2004 (after July and August), will be detected and attributed to 2005, while for a fire that occurred in the spring of 2004 will be detected and attributed to 2004.  The presence of clouds and shadows or image availability causes 10% of missing data annually and therefore can too delay the capture of events.   
  
The data provides uniform spatial and temporal information on fire and harvest across all provinces and territories of Canada and is intended for strategic-level analysis. Since no attention was given to other minor disturbances such as mining, road or flooding, the product should not be used for their identification. Finally, calibration datasets were developed for only three major forest pests (mountain pine beetle, eastern spruce budworm and forest tent caterpillar), but were folded within the “no-change” class in order to minimize commission errors for fire and harvest .  Less common pests for which validation datasets are hard to develop were not considered and therefore could in rare circumstances generate false fire events.  
  
Considering that area having two (3.3%) to three disturbances (less than 1%) events are not common, only the most recent disturbance is provided, overlapping older disturbances in these rare case.  
  
## Please cite this dataset as:   
Guindon, L., P. Villemaire, R. St-Amant, P.Y. Bernier, A. Beaudoin, F. Caron, M. Bonucelli and H. Dorion. 2017. Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD): a Canada-wide Landsat-based 30-m resolution product of fire and harvest detection and attribution since 1984.  https://doi.org/10.23687/add1346b-f632-4eb9-a83d-a662b38655ad  
  
## Scientific article citation:  
The creation, validation and limitations of the CanLaD product are described in the Supplementary Material file associated with the following article: Guindon, L.; Bernier, P.Y.; Gauthier, S.; Stinson, G.; Villemaire, P.; Beaudoin, A. 2018. Missing forest cover gains in boreal forests explained. Ecosphere, 9 (1) Article e02094. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2094.  
  
## Cited references:  
Masek, J.G., Vermote, E.F., Saleous N.E., Wolfe, R., Hall, F.G., Huemmrich, K.F., Gao, F., Kutler, J., and Lim, T-K. (2006). A Landsat surface reflectance dataset for North America, 1990–2000. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3(1):68-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.857030.  
  
Vermote, E., Justice, C., Claverie, M., &amp; Franch, B. (2016). Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product. Remote Sensing of Environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.008.</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Cette publication de données contient un ensemble de fichiers dans lesquels les feux et les coupes au travers du Canada de 1984 à 2015 sont identifiés au niveau des pixels individuels de 30 m sur la grille Landsat. Les détails sur la création de ce produit sont disponibles dans Guindon et al (2018).  
  
La détection des changements est basée sur les mosaïques Landsat corrigées par la réflectance (juillet et août) de 1984 à 2015 et développées à partir des produits de réflectance pour des scènes individuelles de la USGS (Masek et al, 2006; Vermote et al, 2006). En bref, la méthode de détection des changements utilise une signature temporelle de six ans centrée sur l'année de la perturbation pour identifier le feu, les coupes et le non-changement. Les signatures temporelles proviennent de perturbations visuellement interprétées ou de polygones sans changement et sont utilisées pour adapter un modèle d'arbre de décision.  
  
La méthode détecte environ 91% des superficies coupées et 85% des superficies brûlées dans les forêts du Canada pendant la période d'étude, mais surestime les zones perturbées des deux premières et des deux dernières années de la série chronologique 1985 à 2015 en raison de l'absence de données pré-perturbation et post-perturbation, qui sont nécessaires au modèle de détection et d'attribution. Les résultats pour ces quatre années devraient donc être utilisés avec prudence. Comme dans Guindon et al (2014), la méthode a été conçue pour minimiser les erreurs de commission et a un taux de réussite d'attribution d'environ 98%. Le taux de réussite de l'attribution de l'année de perturbation est d'environ 69% pour l'année exacte et d'environ 99% lorsque les détections valides faites l'année suivante sont aussi considérées. Ainsi par exemple, un feu qui a eu lieu au printemps 2004 (avant juillet et août), sera capturé et attribué à l’année 2004, lorsque des images sont bien sûr disponibles pour ce territoire.  Par contre un feu à l’automne 2004, sera capturé et attribué à l’année 2005.  Cette fenêtre de correspondance de deux ans découle en grande partie de l'utilisation des images de mi-été pour la création de la mosaïque, ce qui donne des années différentes pour les événements de printemps et d'automne. De plus , la présence de nuages et d’ombres et disponibilité d’images, qui causent 10% de données manquantes dans les mosaïques annuelles, sera aussi responsable d’une partie de ces délais de détection.  
  
Les données sont destinées à des analyses de niveau stratégique car elles fournissent des informations uniformes et régulières sur les feux de forêts et les récoltes au travers des provinces et territoires du Canada. Comme aucune attention n'a été accordée à d'autres perturbations mineures telles que l'exploitation minière, la construction de routes ou les inondations, le produit ne doit pas être utilisé pour leur identification. Enfin, des jeux de calibration ont été développés pour seulement trois principaux ravageurs de la forêt (le charançon du pin ponderosa, la tordeuse de l'épinette de l'Est et la livrée des forêts) et ont été inclus dans la classe «sans changement», afin de minimiser les erreurs de commission lors de la détection et l’identification des feux et des coupes. Les ravageurs moins fréquents pour lesquels les ensembles de données de validation sont difficiles à développer n'ont pas été pris en considération et, par conséquent, pourraient dans de rares cas générer de faux incendies.  
  
Considérant que les endroits ayant subis deux ou trois perturbations sont peu fréquents (respectivement 3.3% et moins de 1%), seules les perturbations les plus récentes sont diffusées dans le produit final, allant de 2015 à 1984, les perturbations les plus récentes étant superposées aux anciennes pour ces rares cas.  
  
## Citation pour ce jeu de données:  
Guindon, L., P. Villemaire, R. St-Amant, P.Y. Bernier, A. Beaudoin, F. Caron, M. Bonucelli and H. Dorion. 2017. Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD): a Canada-wide Landsat-based 30-m resolution product of fire and harvest detection and attribution since 1984.  https://doi.org/10.23687/add1346b-f632-4eb9-a83d-a662b38655ad  
  
## Citation de l'article scientifique:  
La création, la validation et les limites du produit CanLaD sont décrites dans le fichier « Supplementary Information » associé à l’article suivant: Guindon, L.; Bernier, P.Y.; Gauthier, S.; Stinson, G.; Villemaire, P.; Beaudoin, A. 2018. Missing forest cover gains in boreal forests explained. Ecosphere, 9 (1) Article e02094. doi:10.1002/ecs2.2094.  
  
  
## Références citées:  
Masek, J.G., Vermote, E.F., Saleous N.E., Wolfe, R., Hall, F.G., Huemmrich, K.F., Gao, F., Kutler, J., and Lim, T-K. (2006). A Landsat surface reflectance dataset for North America, 1990–2000. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3(1):68-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.857030.  
  
Vermote, E., Justice, C., Claverie, M., &amp; Franch, B. (2016). Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product. Remote Sensing of Environment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.04.008.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:abstract>
         <gmd:purpose xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
            <gco:CharacterString/>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:purpose>
         <gmd:status>
            <gmd:MD_ProgressCode xmlns=""
                                 codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_106"
                                 codeListValue="RI_593">completed; complété</gmd:MD_ProgressCode>
         </gmd:status>
         <gmd:resourceMaintenance>
            <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
               <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
                  <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode xmlns=""
                                                   codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_102"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_540">asNeeded; auBesoin</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>
               </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>
            </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>
         </gmd:resourceMaintenance>
         <gmd:graphicOverview>
            <gmd:MD_BrowseGraphic>
               <gmd:fileName>
                  <gco:CharacterString>http://ftp.maps.canada.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/Forests_Foret/landsat_disturbance/thumbnail/layout_fire_and_harvesting.png</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:fileName>
            </gmd:MD_BrowseGraphic>
         </gmd:graphicOverview>
         <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
            <gmd:MD_Keywords>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>harvesting</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">coupes forestières</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>woodland fire</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">feux de forêt</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>boreal forest</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">forêt boréale</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>forest cover</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">couverture forestière</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>remote sensing database</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">base de données de télédétection</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>deforestation</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">déboisement</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>reforestation</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">reforestation</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:type>
                  <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_101"
                                          codeListValue="RI_528">theme; thème</gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode>
               </gmd:type>
            </gmd:MD_Keywords>
         </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
         <gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
            <gmd:MD_Keywords>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>Forest fires</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Incendie de forêt</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>Forestry</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Foresterie</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:keyword>
               <gmd:type>
                  <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_101"
                                          codeListValue="theme"/>
               </gmd:type>
               <gmd:thesaurusName>
                  <gmd:CI_Citation>
                     <gmd:title xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada Core Subject Thesaurus</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Thésaurus des sujets de base du gouvernement du Canada</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:title>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gmd:CI_Date>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date>2004</gco:Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                           <gmd:dateType>
                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode xmlns=""
                                                   codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_366">creation; création</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                           </gmd:dateType>
                        </gmd:CI_Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gmd:CI_Date>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date>2016-07-04</gco:Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                           <gmd:dateType>
                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode xmlns=""
                                                   codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_367">publication; publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                           </gmd:dateType>
                        </gmd:CI_Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                           <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                              <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada; Library and Archives Canada</gco:CharacterString>
                              <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 <gmd:textGroup>
                                    <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Gouvernement du Canada; Bibliothèque et Archives Canada</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                 </gmd:textGroup>
                              </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           </gmd:organisationName>
                           <gmd:role>
                              <gmd:CI_RoleCode xmlns=""
                                               codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
                                               codeListValue="RI_409">custodian; conservateur</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                           </gmd:role>
                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                  </gmd:CI_Citation>
               </gmd:thesaurusName>
            </gmd:MD_Keywords>
         </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_Constraints>
               <gmd:useLimitation xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>This product should not be used for the identification of linear disturbances such as roads and rights-of-ways, the detection of new infrastructure such as new buildings or mining sites, or the occurrence of floods. The algorithm has not been trained for these types of disturbances that can then be classified as fire or harvest. In addition, some linear disturbances are finer than a pixel, thus leading to possible classification errors. Finally, small groups of pixels less than one hectare (12 pixels) have been removed.</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Ce produit ne devrait pas être utilisé pour l'identification de perturbations linéaires telles que des routes et des emprises de services,  la détection de nouvelles  infrastructures tels que des bâtiments, ou de nouveaux sites miniers, ou l’occurrence d’inondations. L’algorithme n’a pas été entrainé pour détecter ces  types de perturbation qui peuvent alors être classées en feu ou coupe. De plus, certaines perturbations linéaires sont plus fines qu’un pixel, entraînant donc de possibles erreurs de classifications. Finalement, les petits groupes de pixels de moins d’un hectare (12 pixels) ont été supprimés.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:useLimitation xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>Some severe disturbances such as large windthrow areas may be confused with fire or harvest. In addition, salvage logging operations may have occurred in these areas, contributing to the confusion.</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Certaines perturbations sévères telles que de grandes régions de chablis peuvent être confondues avec des zones de coupes ou de feux. De plus, des opérations de coupe de récupération peuvent avoir eu lieu dans ces régions, ce qui contribue à la confusion.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:useLimitation xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>The method detects approximately 91% of area harvested and 85% of area burned in Canada's forests during the study period, but overestimates the area disturbed of the first and last two years of the time series due to incomplete pre-disturbance or post-disturbance data, which is necessary for the detection and attribution model. Results for these four years should therefore be used with caution.</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">La méthode détecte environ 91% des superficies coupées et 85% des superficies brûlées dans les forêts du Canada pendant la période d'étude, mais surestime les zones perturbées des deux premières et des deux dernières années de la série chronologique en raison de l'absence de données pré-perturbation et post-perturbation, qui sont nécessaires au modèle de détection et d'attribution. Les résultats pour ces quatre années (et particulièrement les 2 deux dernière années) devraient donc être utilisés avec prudence.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:useLimitation xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>CanLaD does not assess the permanence of the changes. A harvest activity leading to deforestation, such as an expansion of the agricultural zone, will therefore only be detected as a harvest.</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">CanLaD n’évalue pas la permanence des changements.  Une activité de coupe forestière menant à une déforestation, comme par exemple l’établissement d’une mine, sera détectée comme une coupe.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
            </gmd:MD_Constraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
               <gmd:useLimitation xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>Open Government Licence - Canada (http://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada)</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Licence du gouvernement ouvert - Canada (http://ouvert.canada.ca/fr/licence-du-gouvernement-ouvert-canada)</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:accessConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_107"
                                          codeListValue="RI_606">license; licence</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
               </gmd:accessConstraints>
               <gmd:useConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_107"
                                          codeListValue="RI_606">license; licence</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
               </gmd:useConstraints>
            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:resourceConstraints>
            <gmd:MD_LegalConstraints/>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode xmlns=""
                                                  codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_109"
                                                  codeListValue="RI_636">grid; grille</gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode>
         </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
         <gmd:language>
            <gco:CharacterString>fre</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:characterSet>
            <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode xmlns=""
                                     codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_95"
                                     codeListValue="RI_458">utf8; utf8</gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode>
         </gmd:characterSet>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>imageryBaseMapsEarthCover</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:environmentDescription xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
            <gco:CharacterString>R (rGdal, raster), utilitaires et librairies GDAL, see5, cubist</gco:CharacterString>
            <gmd:PT_FreeText>
               <gmd:textGroup>
                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">R (rGdal, raster), GDAL utilities and libraries, see5, cubist</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
               </gmd:textGroup>
            </gmd:PT_FreeText>
         </gmd:environmentDescription>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>national coverage at 30m resolution</gco:CharacterString>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">couverture nationale à une résolution de 30m</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:description>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
                     <gmd:extentTypeCode>
                        <gco:Boolean>1</gco:Boolean>
                     </gmd:extentTypeCode>
                     <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-141.003</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-52.6174</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>41.6755</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                     <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>83.113</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                  </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
               <gmd:temporalElement>
                  <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                     <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="d178261e763">
                           <gml:beginPosition>2001-05-31</gml:beginPosition>
                           <gml:endPosition>2011-09-30</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                     </gmd:extent>
                  </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
               </gmd:temporalElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
      </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
      <gmd:MD_Distribution>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>GeoTIF</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>N/A</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>10.3.1</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>WMS</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>1.3.0</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributor>
            <gmd:MD_Distributor>
               <gmd:distributorContact>
                  <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     <gmd:individualName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Luc Guindon</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Graham Stinson</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:individualName>
                     <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada; Service canadien des forêts</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:organisationName>
                     <gmd:positionName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Analyst, Remote Sensing</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Analyste, télédétection</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:positionName>
                     <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                           <gmd:phone>
                              <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                                 <gmd:voice xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>1 (418) 649-6131</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">1 (418) 649-6131</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:voice>
                                 <gmd:facsimile>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>1 (418) 6485849</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:facsimile>
                              </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                           </gmd:phone>
                           <gmd:address>
                              <gmd:CI_Address>
                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>1055 rue du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, succ. Sainte-Foy</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">1055 rue du P.E.P.S., C.P. 10380, succ. Sainte-Foy</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                 <gmd:city xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Quebec</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Victoria</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:city>
                                 <gmd:administrativeArea xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Quebec</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Québec</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:administrativeArea>
                                 <gmd:postalCode xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:postalCode>
                                 <gmd:country xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>Canada</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Canada</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:country>
                                 <gmd:electronicMailAddress xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>luc.guindon@canada.ca</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">luc.guindon@canada.ca</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                              </gmd:CI_Address>
                           </gmd:address>
                           <gmd:onlineResource>
                              <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                                 <gmd:linkage>
                                    <gmd:URL>http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/research-centres/lfc/13473</gmd:URL>
                                 </gmd:linkage>
                                 <gmd:protocol>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:protocol>
                              </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                           </gmd:onlineResource>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                     </gmd:contactInfo>
                     <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode xmlns=""
                                         codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
                                         codeListValue="RI_412">distributor; distributeur</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                     </gmd:role>
                  </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
               </gmd:distributorContact>
            </gmd:MD_Distributor>
         </gmd:distributor>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://ftp.maps.canada.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/Forests_Foret/landsat_disturbance/1984_2015/CanLaD_20151984_latest_YRT2.tif</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Year of the latest forest disturbance, 1984 to 2015</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Année de la plus récente perturbation forestière, 1984 à 2015</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Dataset;TIFF;zxx</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Données;TIFF;zxx</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://ftp.maps.canada.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/Forests_Foret/landsat_disturbance/1984_2015/CanLaD_20151984_latest_type.tif</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Type of the latest forest disturbance (fire=1 or harvest=2), 1984 to 2015</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Type de la plus récente perturbation forestière (feu=1 ou coupe=2), 1984 à 2015</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Dataset;TIFF;zxx</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Données;TIFF;zxx</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:eng-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/services/NRCan/CanLaD_en/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;layers=1&amp;legend_format=image/png&amp;feature_info_type=text/html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Year of the latest forest disturbance</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Année de la plus récente perturbation forestière</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/services/NRCan/CanLaD_fr/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;layers=1&amp;legend_format=image/png&amp;feature_info_type=text/html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Year of the latest forest disturbance</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Année de la plus récente perturbation forestière</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/services/NRCan/CanLaD_en/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;layers=2&amp;legend_format=image/png&amp;feature_info_type=text/html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Type of the latest forest disturbance</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Type de la plus récente perturbation forestière</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/services/NRCan/CanLaD_fr/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS&amp;layers=2&amp;legend_format=image/png&amp;feature_info_type=text/html</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Type of the latest forest disturbance</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Type de la plus récente perturbation forestière</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/rest/services/NRCan/CanLaD_en/MapServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Produit Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/server_serveur/rest/services/NRCan/CanLaD_fr/MapServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>HTTPS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Produit Canada Landsat Disturbance (CanLaD) 2017</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>