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            <gco:CharacterString>The Oceans Act (1997) commits Canada to maintaining biological diversity and productivity in the marine environment. A key component of this is to identify areas that are considered ecologically or biologically significant. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Science has developed guidance on the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) (DFO 2004) and has endorsed the scientific criteria of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) for identifying ecologically or biologically significant marine areas as defined in Annex I of Decision IX/20 of its 9th Conference of Parties. These criteria were applied to the Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) Shelves Bioregion in two separate data-driven processes. The first process focused on the area north of the Placentia Bay-Grand Banks (PBGB) Large Ocean Management Area (LOMA) (DFO 2013). The second process focused on the PBGB area (DFO 2019), where EBSAs had previously been identified using a more Delphic approach (Templeman 2007). In both cases, an EBSA Steering Committee, comprised of experts in oceanography, ecosystem structure and function, taxa-specific life histories and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) guided the process by advising or aiding in the identification, collection, processing and analysis of data layers, as well as participating in the final selection of candidate EBSAs (Wells et al. 2017, Ollerhead et al. 2017, Wells et al. 2019). All information was compiled in a GIS and a hierarchical approach was used to review individual data layers and groupings of data layers. Peer review meetings were held for both processes, during which candidate EBSAs were reviewed and the final EBSAs were agreed upon and delineated. In the northern study area, a total of fifteen EBSAs were identified and described; three of these areas are primarily coastal areas; seven are in offshore areas; four EBSAs straddle coastal and offshore areas; and one is a transitory EBSA that follows the southern extent of pack ice. In the PBGB study area, fourteen EBSAs were identified in two different categories: seven based on coastal data and seven based on offshore data. In comparing the new PBGB EBSAs to those identified in 2007, nine of them overlap spatially and are based on similar features; however, there were some variations in the boundaries. Two of the EBSAs that were identified in 2007 were no longer considered EBSAs in 2017, but portions of both of these areas were captured in part by other EBSAs. Five new EBSAs were identified in areas not previously considered.

References:
DFO, 2004. Identification of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Ecosystem Status Rep. 2004/006.

DFO. 2013. Identification of additional Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) within the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves Bioregion. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2013/048.

DFO. 2019. Re-evaluation of the Placentia Bay-Grand Banks Area to Identify Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas . DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2019/040.

Ollerhead, L.M.N., Gullage, M., Trip, N., and Wells, N. 2017. Development of Spatially Referenced Data Layers for Use in the Identification and Delineation of Candidate Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas in the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves Bioregion. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2017/036. v + 38 p

Templeman, N.D. 2007. Placentia Bay-Grand Banks Large Ocean Management Area Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas. Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2007/052: iii + 15 p.

Wells, N.J., Stenson, G.B., Pepin, P., and Koen-Alonso, M. 2017. Identification and Descriptions of Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas in the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves Bioregion. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2017/013. v + 87 p.

Wells, N., K. Tucker, K. Allard, M. Warren, S. Olson, L. Gullage, C. Pretty, V. Sutton-Pande and K. Clarke. 2019. Re-evaluation of the Placentia Bay-Grand Banks Area of the Newfoundland and Labrador Shelves Bioregion to Identify and Describe Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2019/049. viii + 138 p.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">La Loi sur les océans (1997) engage le Canada à maintenir la diversité biologique et la productivité dans le milieu marin. L’un des éléments clés de cette démarche consiste à désigner les zones ayant une importance particulière sur les plans écologiques ou biologiques. Pêches et Océans Canada (MPO) a élaboré des directives sur la détermination des zones d’importance écologique et biologique (ZIEB) [MPO 2004], et adopté les critères scientifiques de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (CDB) pour la désignation des ZIEB selon la définition qui en est donnée à l’annexe I de la décision IX/20 de la neuvième Conférence des Parties. Ces critères ont été appliqués à la biorégion des plateaux de Terre‑Neuve-et-Labrador au moyen de deux processus distincts axés sur les données. Le premier processus s’est concentré sur le secteur situé au nord de la zone étendue de gestion des océans de la baie Placentia et des Grands Bancs (BP-GB) [MPO 2013]. Le deuxième processus s’est concentré sur la zone BP-GB (MPO 2019), où les ZIEB avaient été précédemment désignées à l’aide d’une méthode Delphi (Templeman 2007). Dans les deux cas, un comité directeur des ZIEB, composé d’experts en océanographie, en structure et en fonction écosystémiques, en cycles biologiques propres aux taxons et en systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) a orienté le processus en donnant des conseils ou en aidant à la détermination, à la collecte, au traitement et à l’analyse des couches de données, ainsi qu’en participant à la sélection finale des ZIEB éventuelles (Wells et al. 2017, Ollerhead et al. 2017, Wells et al. 2019). Toutes les informations ont été compilées dans un SIG, et une approche hiérarchique a été appliquée pour examiner les différentes couches de données et leurs regroupements. Des réunions d’examen par les pairs ont eu lieu pour les deux processus, au cours desquelles les ZIEB éventuelles ont été examinées, et les ZIEB finales ont été approuvées et délimitées. Dans la zone d’étude nordique, un total de quinze ZIEB ont été désignées et décrites; trois de ces zones sont principalement des zones côtières; sept se trouvent dans des zones extracôtières; quatre ZIEB chevauchent des zones côtières et extracôtières, et une ZIEB transitoire suit l’extrémité sud de la banquise. Dans la zone d’étude de la BP-GB, 14 ZIEB ont été désignées dans deux catégories différentes : sept basées sur des données côtières et sept basées sur des données extracôtières. En comparant les nouvelles ZIEB de la BP-GB à celles désignées en 2007, on constate que neuf d’entre elles présentent un chevauchement spatial et sont basées sur des caractéristiques similaires, mais les limites sont quelque peu différentes. Deux des ZIEB de 2007 n’étaient plus considérées comme telles en 2017, mais avaient été reprises en partie par d’autres ZIEB. Cinq nouvelles ZIEB ont été désignées dans des secteurs qui n’avaient pas été pris en compte auparavant.

Références : 

MPO, 2004. Identification des zones d’importance écologique et biologique. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO, Rapp. sur l’état des écosystèmes 2004/006.

MPO. 2013. Désignation de nouvelles zones d'importance écologique et biologique (ZIEB) de la biorégion des plateaux de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. Secr. can. de Pêches et Océans Canada, avis sci. de Pêches et Océans Canada, avis sci. 2013/048.

MPO. 2019. Réévaluation de la zone de la baie Placentia et des Grands Bancs pour désigner les zones d’importance écologique et biologique. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO. Avis sci. 2019/040

Ollerhead, L.M.N., Gullage, M., Trip, N., and Wells, N. 2017. Élaboration de couches de données à référence spatiale à utiliser pour la désignation et la délimitation des zones candidates d'importance écologique et biologique dans la biorégion des plateaux de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO. Doc. de rech. 2017/036. viii + 138 p.

Templeman, N.D. 2007. Zones d’importance écologique ou biologique dans la zone étendue de gestion des océans de la baie de Plaisance et des Grands bancs. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO. Doc. de rech. 2019/049. viii + 138 p.

Wells, N.J., Stenson, G.B., Pepin, P., and Koen-Alonso, M. 2017. Zones d’importance écologique ou biologique dans la zone étendue de gestion des océans de la baie de Plaisance et des Grands bancs. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO. Doc. de rech. 2017/013. v + 87 p.

Wells, N., K. Tucker, K. Allard, M. Warren, S. Olson, L. Gullage, C. Pretty, V. Sutton-Pande et K. Clarke. 2017. Réévaluation de la zone de la baie Placentia et des Grands Bancs de la biorégion des plateformes de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador pour déterminer et décrire les zones d’importance écologique et biologique. Secr. can. de consult. sci. du MPO. Doc. de rech. 2019/049. viii + 138 p.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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