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            <gco:CharacterString>Data include a collection of annual land cover maps derived from MODIS 250 m spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery for the period 2000 to 2011. Processing of the time series was designed to reduce the occurrence of false change between maps. The method was based on change updating as described in Pouliot et al. (2011, 2013). Change detection accounted for both abrupt changes such as forest harvesting and more gradual changes such as recurrent insect defoliation. To determine the new label for a pixel identified as change, an evidential reasoning approach was used to combine spectral and contextual information. The 2005 MODIS land cover of Canada at 250 m spatial resolution described in Latifovic et al. (2012) was used as the base map. It contains 39 land cover classes, which for time series development was considered too detailed and was reduced to 25 and 19 class versions. The 19 class version corresponds to the North America Land Change Monitoring System (NALCMS) Level 2 legend as described in Latifovic et al. (2012). Accuracy assessment of time series is difficult due to the need to assess many maps. For areas of change in the time series accuracy was found to be 70% based on the 19 class thematic legend.
This time series captures the spatial distribution of dominant land cover transitions. It is intended for use in modeling, development of remote sensing products such as leaf area index or land cover based albedo retrievals, and other exploratory analysis. It is not appropriate for use in any rigorous reporting or inventory assessments due to the accuracy of the land cover classification and uncertainty as to the capture of all relevant changes for an application.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Les données sont une collection de cartes de la couverture terrestre annuelle, produites à partir d’images télédétectées par l’instrument MODIS à une résolution spatiale de 250 m, de 2000 à 2011. Le traitement des séries chronologiques a été conçu pour réduire l’occurrence de faux changements entre les cartes. Il repose sur la méthode d’actualisation des changements décrite par Pouliot et coll. (2011, 2013). La détection des changements tient compte autant des changements brusques, comme les coupes forestières, que des changements plus graduels, comme les défoliations récurrentes causées par les insectes. Pour déterminer le nouveau label d’un pixel pour lequel un changement a été constaté, nous avons utilisé une approche axée sur le raisonnement fondé sur les preuves pour combiner les informations spectrales et contextuelles. La carte de base est la couverture terrestre du Canada en 2005 produite à partir des données MODIS à une résolution spatiale de 250 m et décrite par Latifovic et coll. (2012). Elle comporte 39 classes de couverture terrestre, ce qui est trop détaillé pour l’élaboration des séries chronologiques; celles-ci ont donc été réduites en deux versions à 25 et à 19 classes. La version à 19 classes correspond à la légende de niveau 2 du Système nord-américain de surveillance des changements dans la couverture terrestre (NALCMS) décrit par Latifovic et coll. (2012). L’évaluation de l’exactitude des séries chronologiques est difficile en raison de la nécessité d’évaluer de nombreuses cartes. Dans les séries chronologiques, l’exactitude des régions ayant vécu un changement était de 70 %, pour les versions basées sur la légende thématique de 19 classes.
Ces séries chronologiques illustrent la distribution dans l’espace des grandes transitions de la couverture terrestre. Elles seront utilisées pour la modélisation, la conception de produits de télédétection, comme l’extraction de l’indice foliaire ou de l’albédo de la couverture terrestre, et pour d’autres analyses exploratoires. Elles ne doivent pas être utilisées pour la production de signalements rigoureux ou l’évaluation d’inventaires, en raison de la précision de la classification de la couverture terrestre et de l’incertitude relative à la capture de tous les changements pertinents pour une application donnée.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Licence du gouvernement ouvert - Canada (http://ouvert.canada.ca/fr/licence-du-gouvernement-ouvert-canada)</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:useLimitation>
               <gmd:accessConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_107"
                                          codeListValue="RI_606">license; licence</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
               </gmd:accessConstraints>
               <gmd:useConstraints>
                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode xmlns=""
                                          codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_107"
                                          codeListValue="RI_606">license; licence</gmd:MD_RestrictionCode>
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               <gmd:otherConstraints xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                  <gco:CharacterString/>
                  <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     <gmd:textGroup>
                        <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                     </gmd:textGroup>
                  </gmd:PT_FreeText>
               </gmd:otherConstraints>
            </gmd:MD_LegalConstraints>
         </gmd:resourceConstraints>
         <gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode xmlns=""
                                                  codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_109"
                                                  codeListValue="RI_636">grid; grille</gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode>
         </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
         <gmd:language>
            <gco:CharacterString>eng</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:language>
            <gco:CharacterString>fra</gco:CharacterString>
         </gmd:language>
         <gmd:characterSet>
            <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode xmlns=""
                                     codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_95"
                                     codeListValue=""/>
         </gmd:characterSet>
         <gmd:topicCategory>
            <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>imageryBaseMapsEarthCover</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
         </gmd:topicCategory>
         <gmd:environmentDescription gco:nilReason="missing">
            <gco:CharacterString/>
         </gmd:environmentDescription>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:temporalElement>
                  <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
                     <gmd:extent>
                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="d3536664e532">
                           <gml:beginPosition>2000</gml:beginPosition>
                           <gml:endPosition>2011</gml:endPosition>
                        </gml:TimePeriod>
                     </gmd:extent>
                  </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
               </gmd:temporalElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
         <gmd:extent>
            <gmd:EX_Extent>
               <gmd:geographicElement>
                  <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
                     <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-141.003</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>-52.6174</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                     <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>41.6755</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                     <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                        <gco:Decimal>83.1139</gco:Decimal>
                     </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                  </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
               </gmd:geographicElement>
            </gmd:EX_Extent>
         </gmd:extent>
         <gmd:supplementalInformation gco:nilReason="missing">
            <gco:CharacterString/>
         </gmd:supplementalInformation>
      </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
      <gmd:MD_Distribution>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>10.7.1</gco:CharacterString>
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            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributionFormat>
            <gmd:MD_Format>
               <gmd:name>
                  <gco:CharacterString>WMS</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:name>
               <gmd:version>
                  <gco:CharacterString>1.3.0</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:version>
            </gmd:MD_Format>
         </gmd:distributionFormat>
         <gmd:distributor>
            <gmd:MD_Distributor>
               <gmd:distributorContact>
                  <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                     <gmd:individualName gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:individualName>
                     <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Government of Canada; Natural Resources Canada;Strategic Policy and Innovation Sector, Federal Geospatial Platform</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Gouvernement du Canada; Ressources naturelles Canada;Secteur de la politique stratégique et de l’innovation, Plateforme géospatiale fédérale</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:organisationName>
                     <gmd:positionName gco:nilReason="missing">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
                     </gmd:positionName>
                     <gmd:contactInfo>
                        <gmd:CI_Contact>
                           <gmd:phone>
                              <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                                 <gmd:facsimile gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                 </gmd:facsimile>
                              </gmd:CI_Telephone>
                           </gmd:phone>
                           <gmd:address>
                              <gmd:CI_Address>
                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:deliveryPoint>
                                 <gmd:city gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                 </gmd:city>
                                 <gmd:administrativeArea xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
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                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:administrativeArea>
                                 <gmd:postalCode gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                 </gmd:postalCode>
                                 <gmd:country xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:country>
                                 <gmd:electronicMailAddress xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString>FGP-PGF@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca</gco:CharacterString>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                       <gmd:textGroup>
                                          <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">FGP-PGF@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                       </gmd:textGroup>
                                    </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 </gmd:electronicMailAddress>
                              </gmd:CI_Address>
                           </gmd:address>
                           <gmd:onlineResource>
                              <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                                 <gmd:linkage gco:nilReason="missing">
                                    <gmd:URL/>
                                 </gmd:linkage>
                                 <gmd:protocol>
                                    <gco:CharacterString>http</gco:CharacterString>
                                 </gmd:protocol>
                              </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                           </gmd:onlineResource>
                           <gmd:hoursOfService xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType" gco:nilReason="missing">
                              <gco:CharacterString/>
                              <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 <gmd:textGroup>
                                    <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra"/>
                                 </gmd:textGroup>
                              </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           </gmd:hoursOfService>
                        </gmd:CI_Contact>
                     </gmd:contactInfo>
                     <gmd:role>
                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode xmlns=""
                                         codeList="http://nap.geogratis.gc.ca/metadata/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
                                         codeListValue="RI_412">distributor; distributeur</gmd:CI_RoleCode>
                     </gmd:role>
                  </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
               </gmd:distributorContact>
            </gmd:MD_Distributor>
         </gmd:distributor>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:eng-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/imagery_images/rest/services/NRCan/canada_landcover_2000_2011/ImageServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Image Service</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Canada Landcover 2000-2011 19 Classes</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Couverture terrestre du Canada 2000-2011 19 classes</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
         <gmd:transferOptions>
            <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.services.geo.ca/imagery_images/rest/services/NRCan/couverture_terrestre_du_canada_2000_2011/ImageServer</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Image Service</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Canada Landcover 2000-2011 19 Classes</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Couverture terrestre du Canada 2000-2011 19 classes</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>