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            <gco:CharacterString>This map presents the history of the political boundaries in Canada, from Confederation in 1867 to 2017. Canada’s boundaries are dynamic political structures that reflect the changing political, economic, and cultural conditions of the country through time.

Canada’s long and diversified settlement history is reflected in the two distinct patterns of boundaries that differentiate eastern and western Canada. In the east, the evolution of the Atlantic provinces’ boundaries are the outcome of 200 years of colonial competition for both land and resources. Similarly, Quebec and Ontario grew from frontier settlements to industrialized economies between 1760 and the early 1900s. As well, in the boundaries of eastern Canada closely conform to natural features such as drainage basins. In contrast, the boundaries of western and northern Canada reflect the administrative organization of these lands by, first, the Hudson’s Bay Company and, later, the Government of Canada. Here, geometric lines radiate northward from the 49th parallel, creating boundaries that often divide communities and regions into two different provincial jurisdictions. Each of the western provinces has a unique history and rationale for their boundaries. Manitoba evolved from the first Riel Rebellion as a "postage stamp" province, and only later achieved its present-day boundaries. Alberta and Saskatchewan earned provincial status with an eye to creating equal land areas. On the Pacific coast, the British colonies had to act quickly in response to the explosive gold mining frontier to organize and solidify their territorial claims to present-day British Columbia, and later to help establish the Yukon Territory in response to American encroachment. In the North, the boundaries of the existing Territories were redrawn in 1999 to create Nunavut. The boundaries of this new territory respect the traditional Aboriginal concept of territoriality.

This online interactive map relies on the emerging "MapML" standard co-developed by Natural Resources Canada. The objective of this evolving standard is to make it simple for beginners and experts alike to create maps in Web pages that use open data and map services.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString xmlns="" locale="#fra">Cette carte présente l'histoire des limites territoriales au Canada, depuis la Confédération jusqu’en 2017. Les limites territoriales du Canada sont des structures politiques dynamiques qui reflètent l'évolution de ses conditions politiques, économiques et culturelles au fil du temps.

Les deux types distincts de limites qui caractérisent respectivement l'Est et l'Ouest canadiens témoignent du cheminement long et diversifié qu'a suivi le peuplement du Canada. Dans l'Est, les limites territoriales des provinces atlantiques sont l'aboutissement de 200 ans de rivalités coloniales pour la possession des terres et des ressources. Parallèlement, le Québec et l'Ontario ont évolué de 1760 jusqu'au début des années 1900, des colonies de peuplement qu'ils étaient aux économies industrialisées qu’ils sont devenus. En outre, les limites territoriales dans l'Est coïncident assez justement avec des accidents naturels tels que des bassins hydrographiques. Par contraste, les limites territoriales de l'Ouest et du Nord canadiens reflètent l'organisation administrative mise en place par la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson en premier lieu, puis par le gouvernement du Canada. Des lignes géométriques fusent vers le nord à partir du 49e parallèle, créant des frontières qui ont divisé des collectivités et des régions entre deux entités provinciales distinctes. Les limites des provinces de l'Ouest ont chacune une histoire et une justification qui leur sont propres. Le Manitoba «aux dimensions d'un timbre poste», issu de la première rébellion menée par Louis Riel, n’a acquis son territoire actuel que plus tard dans son histoire. L'Alberta et la Saskatchewan ont acquis leur statut de province dans l'optique de la création de deux territoires égaux. Sur la côte du Pacifique, les colonies britanniques ont dû faire vite, en raison de la ruée vers l'or, pour organiser et solidifier leurs revendications du territoire qui correspond aujourd'hui aux limites territoriales de la Colombie-Britannique, et plus tard pour favoriser l'établissement du Territoire du Yukon en réponse à l'envahisseur américain. Dans le Nord, les limites territoriales des territoires existants ont été redéfinies en 1999 pour créer le territoire du Nunavut. Les limites du nouveau territoire respectent la notion ancestrale de la territorialité ainsi que la définissent les Autochtones.

Cette carte interactive en ligne s'appuie sur la norme émergente « MapML » co-développée par Ressources naturelles Canada. L'objectif de cette norme évolutive est de rendre simple pour les débutants et les experts de créer des cartes dans des pages Web qui utilisent des données ouvertes et des services de carte.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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