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            <gco:CharacterString>The Atlantic Colonial Waterbird Monitoring database captures geo-referenced data collected under the Atlantic Region’s Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) Colonial Seabird Monitoring program, and data collected under CWS’ waterfowl and protected areas programs. These programs collectively monitor 22 species of colonial waterbirds breeding in the Atlantic Region of the following groups: fulmars, shearwaters, storm-petrels, gannets, gulls, terns, alcids, eiders, herons and cormorants, with the primary outcome to update information on the distribution, status, and trends of waterbirds breeding in all four Atlantic provinces. 

Surveys are conducted using one of three platforms: aerial, boat, or ground. Aerial surveys provide the most cost-effective way of conducting a comprehensive population census of diurnal species visible from air, namely gulls (Herring, Great Black-backed, Ring-billed, Glaucous), Black-legged Kittiwakes, Northern Gannets, terns (Arctic, Common, Roseate, Caspian), cormorants (Greater, Double-crested), Black Guillemots, and Common Eiders.

Aerial surveys are also effective in identifying new colonies and provide additional information on how to most effectively conduct boat and ground surveys. Boat and ground surveys are conducted at smaller geographic scales and are necessary to obtain complementary information on the species composition of colonies and correction factors to finalize gull, tern and eider estimates obtained from the aerial surveys. Ground and/or boat surveys are also necessary to conduct colony counts of cliff-nesting birds (murres and fulmars), crevice nesting birds (razorbills and guillemots) and burrow-nesting birds (puffins, storm-petrels, shearwaters).  

Raw data are captured using various survey methods, including:1) visual estimates, 2) direct counts of number of individuals or apparently occupied sites and/or photo counts, 3) sub-sampling the colony through plot counts and extrapolating the estimated occupied densities over the occupied area which in turn is estimated using a variety of geographic information system approaches (e.g., Wilhelm et al. 2015).  

Important outcomes for how data are used include informing marine spatial planning, emergency preparedness, impact assessment of various anthropogenic threats, and COSEWIC status assessment (e.g., COSEWIC 2020). Further, these data are regularly used internally or in collaboration with partners to form the basis of peer-reviewed publications on regional, national, and/or global population trends for target species (e.g., Langlois Lopez et al. 2022, Iles et al. 2025).

This dataset represents a subset of data collected from surveys led by CWS spanning from 1910 to 2024 and summarized to present, at a given colony, the year and count of birds from the most recent survey, the year and maximum count of birds within the last 20 years (if available), and the year and maximum count of birds ever recorded. In addition, CWS works closely with a variety of partners (e.g., provincial, other federal departments, academic, not-for profit organizations) to supplement colonial waterbird data collected in the Atlantic Region. To request additional census or survey data, please contact CWS.

COSEWIC. 2020. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Leach’s Storm-Petrel (Atlantic population) Oceanodroma leucorhoa in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xii + 70 pp. (https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/species-risk-public-registry.html). 

Iles, D.T., S.E. Gutowsky, A.M. Calvert, S.I. Wilhelm, J.-F. Rail, A. Hedd, H.L. Major, A.C. Smith, and G.J. Robertson. 2025. Estimating regional trajectories and trends of seabirds from sparse and inconsistent colony counts: case studies from eastern Canada with Leach’s Storm-Petrel and Atlantic Puffin. Avian Conservation and Ecology 20(2):16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-02931-200216

Langlois Lopez, S., Bond, A.L., O’Hanlon, N.J., Wilson, J.M., Vitz, A., Mostello, C.S., Hamilton, F., Rail, J.-F., Welch, L., Boettcher, R., Wilhelm, S.I., Anker-Nilssen, T., Daunt, F., and Masden, E. 2022. Global population and conservation status of the Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus. Bird Conservation International, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270922000181

Wilhelm, S.I., Mailhiot, J., Arany, J., Chardine, J.W., Robertson, G.J., and Ryan, P.C. 2015. Update and trends of three important seabird populations in the western North Atlantic using a geographic information system approach. Marine Ornithology 43: 211-222.</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">La base de données sur le suivi des oiseaux aquatiques coloniaux de l’Atlantique (Atlantic Colonial Waterbird Monitoring database) regroupe des données géoréférencées recueillies dans le cadre du Programme de suivi des colonies d’oiseaux marins de la Région de l’Atlantique du Service canadien de la faune (SCF), ainsi que des données collectées dans le cadre de programmes du SCF sur la sauvagine et les aires protégées. Ces programmes assurent collectivement le suivi de 22 espèces d’oiseaux aquatiques coloniaux se reproduisant dans la Région de l’Atlantique qui appartiennent aux groupes suivants : procellariidés, océanites, sulidés, alcidés, eiders, hérons et cormorans. Leur objectif principal est de mettre à jour les renseignements sur la répartition, la situation et les tendances des oiseaux aquatiques qui se reproduisent dans les quatre provinces de l’Atlantique. 

Les relevés sont effectués de manière aérienne, maritime ou terrestre. Les relevés aériens constituent la méthode la plus rentable d’effectuer un relevé complet des populations d’espèces diurnes visibles depuis les airs, à savoir les goélands (Goélands argentés, Goélands marins, Goélands à bec cerclé, Goélands bourgmestres), les Mouettes tridactyles, les Fous de Bassan, les sternes (Sternes arctiques, Sternes pierregarins, Sternes de Dougall, Sternes caspiennes), les cormorans (Grands Cormorans, Cormorans à aigrettes), les Guillemots à miroir et les Eiders à duvet.

Les relevés aériens permettent également de repérer de nouvelles colonies et d’obtenir des renseignements supplémentaires sur la façon la plus efficace d’effectuer des relevés par bateau et au sol. Les relevés par bateau et au sol, réalisés à des échelles géographiques plus fines, sont essentiels pour obtenir des renseignements complémentaires sur la composition des colonies et les facteurs de correction nécessaires pour finaliser les estimations des populations de goélands, de sternes et d’eiders obtenues à partir de relevés aériens. Ils sont également nécessaires pour effectuer le dénombrement des colonies d’oiseaux nichant dans les falaises (guillemots et fulmars), dans les crevasses (Petits pingouins et guillemots) et dans des terriers (macareux, océanites, puffins).  

Les données brutes sont recueillies à l’aide de diverses méthodes de relevé, notamment : 1) des estimations visuelles; 2) des dénombrements directs du nombre d’individus ou de sites apparemment occupés et/ou des dénombrements tirés de photographies, 3) des sous-échantillonnages de la colonie au moyen du dénombrement des parcelles et de l’extrapolation des densités estimées dans la zone occupée, celle-ci étant estimée à l’aide de diverses approches de systèmes d’information géographique (voir par exemple Wilhelm et al., 2015).  

Les données sont utilisées à des fins importantes, notamment pour orienter la planification spatiale marine, la préparation aux situations d’urgence, l’évaluation des répercussions de diverses menaces anthropiques et l’évaluation de la situation par le COSEPAC (voir par exemple COSEPAC, 2020). Elles servent également de base à de nombreuses publications évaluées par les pairs, produites en collaboration ou non, sur les tendances régionales, nationales et/ou mondiales des populations d’espèces ciblées (voir par exemple Langlois Lopez et al., 2022; Iles et al., 2025).

Cet ensemble représente un sous-ensemble de données recueillies par le SCF lors de relevés menés de 1910 à 2024. Il présente, pour chaque colonie, l’année et le nombre d’oiseaux dénombrés lors du relevé le plus récent, l’année et le nombre maximal d’oiseaux dénombrés au cours des 20 dernières années (si disponible), ainsi que l’année et le nombre maximal d’oiseaux jamais dénombrés. De plus, le SCF travaille étroitement avec divers partenaires (p. ex. ministères provinciaux, autres ministères fédéraux, universités et organismes sans but lucratif) afin de compléter les données sur les oiseaux aquatiques coloniaux recueillies dans la Région de l’Atlantique. Pour obtenir des données supplémentaires issues de recensements ou de relevés, veuillez communiquer avec le SCF.

COSEPAC. 2020. Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur l’Océanite cul-blanc Oceanodroma leucorhoa population de l’Atlantique au Canada. Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada. Ottawa. xiii + 82 p. (https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/services/registre-public-especes-peril.html). 

Iles, D.T., S.E. Gutowsky, A.M. Calvert, S.I. Wilhelm, J.-F. Rail, A. Hedd, H.L. Major, A.C. Smith et G.J. Robertson. 2025. Estimating regional trajectories and trends of seabirds from sparse and inconsistent colony counts: case studies from eastern Canada with Leach’s Storm-Petrel and Atlantic Puffin. Avian Conservation and Ecology 20(2):16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-02931-200216

Langlois Lopez, S., Bond, A.L., O’Hanlon, N.J., Wilson, J.M., Vitz, A., Mostello, C.S., Hamilton, F., Rail, J.-F., Welch, L., Boettcher, R., Wilhelm, S.I., Anker-Nilssen, T., Daunt, F. et Masden, E. 2022. Global population and conservation status of the Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus. Bird Conservation International, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270922000181

Wilhelm, S.I., Mailhiot, J., Arany, J., Chardine, J.W., Robertson, G.J. et Ryan, P.C. 2015. Update and trends of three important seabird populations in the western North Atlantic using a geographic information system approach. Marine Ornithology 43: 211-222.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date>2004</gco:Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                           <gmd:dateType>
                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_367">publication; publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                           </gmd:dateType>
                        </gmd:CI_Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:date>
                        <gmd:CI_Date>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date>2016-07-04</gco:Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                           <gmd:dateType>
                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue="RI_366"
                                                   codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87">creation;création</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                           </gmd:dateType>
                        </gmd:CI_Date>
                     </gmd:date>
                     <gmd:identifier>
                        <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                           <gmd:code>
                              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://catalogue.ec.gc.ca/geonetwork/srv/api/registries/vocabularies/external.theme.GC_Core_Subject">geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.GC_Core_Subject</gmx:Anchor>
                           </gmd:code>
                        </gmd:MD_Identifier>
                     </gmd:identifier>
                     <gmd:citedResponsibleParty>
                        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                           <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
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                           <gmd:role>
                              <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeListValue="RI_409"
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                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                  </gmd:CI_Citation>
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            <gmd:MD_Keywords>
               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>1.1.3. Migratory Birds</gco:CharacterString>
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                  <gmd:MD_KeywordTypeCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_101"
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                              <gco:Date>2026-03-23</gco:Date>
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                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
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                              <gco:Date>2026-03-23</gco:Date>
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                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue="RI_366"
                                                   codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87">creation;création</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_Date>
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                           <gmd:code>
                              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://catalogue.ec.gc.ca/geonetwork/srv/api/registries/vocabularies/external.theme.EC_Program_PAA">geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.EC_Program_PAA</gmx:Anchor>
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                        </gmd:MD_Identifier>
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               <gmd:keyword xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
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               <gmd:thesaurusName>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>ECCC Geographic Scope EN</gco:CharacterString>
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                              <gco:Date>2020-06-26</gco:Date>
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                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87"
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                        <gmd:CI_Date>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gco:Date>2020-06-26</gco:Date>
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                              <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeListValue="RI_366"
                                                   codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_87">creation;création</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
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                        </gmd:CI_Date>
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                        <gmd:MD_Identifier>
                           <gmd:code>
                              <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="https://catalogue.ec.gc.ca/geonetwork/srv/api/registries/vocabularies/external.place.EC_Geographic_Scope">geonetwork.thesaurus.external.place.EC_Geographic_Scope</gmx:Anchor>
                           </gmd:code>
                        </gmd:MD_Identifier>
                     </gmd:identifier>
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                        <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
                           <gmd:organisationName xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
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                           <gmd:role>
                              <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeListValue="RI_409"
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                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>
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                  <gmd:MD_RestrictionCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_107"
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            <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeListValue="RI_635"
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                        <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="timeperiod1">
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                        <gco:Decimal>-54.00</gco:Decimal>
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                        <gco:Decimal>41.00</gco:Decimal>
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                        <gco:Decimal>62.00</gco:Decimal>
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                              <gmd:CI_Telephone>
                                 <gmd:voice gco:nilReason="missing" xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
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                                 <gmd:deliveryPoint gco:nilReason="missing" xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                                    <gco:CharacterString/>
                                    <gmd:PT_FreeText>
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                        <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://schemas.metadata.geo.ca/register/napMetadataRegister.xml#IC_90"
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                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
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                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;HTML;fra</gco:CharacterString>
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                           <gmd:textGroup>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Map Service</gco:CharacterString>
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                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>ESRI REST: Map Service</gco:CharacterString>
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                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;ESRI REST;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;ESRI REST;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
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                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/services/CWS_SCF/Atlantic_Colonial_Waterbirds/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Atlantic Colonial Waterbirds</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Oiseaux Aquatiques Coloniaux Atlantique</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;eng</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;eng</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine xlink:role="urn:xml:lang:fra-CAN">
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage>
                        <gmd:URL>https://maps-cartes.ec.gc.ca/arcgis/services/CWS_SCF/Oiseaux_Aquatiques_Coloniaux_Atlantique/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&amp;service=WMS</gmd:URL>
                     </gmd:linkage>
                     <gmd:protocol>
                        <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
                     </gmd:protocol>
                     <gmd:name xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Atlantic Colonial Waterbirds</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Oiseaux Aquatiques Coloniaux Atlantique</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:name>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="gmd:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Web Service;WMS;fra</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#fra">Service Web;WMS;fra</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:description>
                     <gmd:function>
                        <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode"
                                                   codeListValue="RI_385"/>
                     </gmd:function>
                  </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
               </gmd:onLine>
            </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
         </gmd:transferOptions>
      </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>