Several data sets were used to develop and validate the model. The largest one is still available at http://www.science.oregonstate.edu/ocean.productivity/field.data.c14.readme.php. Since field data were insufficient to calibrate the model in several regions, PP estimates from other models (VGPM, HYR, and the MOD-27 formulation (Esaias, 1996)) were considered as measurements where there were none. Therefore, this model can be regarded as a metamodel.

As vertical profiles with very high (and possibly biased) P/B ratios were filtered out, the PP estimates obtained from this model tend to be slightly lower than those from several other models. Comparisons with other global models of phytoplankton primary production can be found in Carr et al. (2006), Friedrichs et al. (2009), Saba et al. (2010a, 2010b) and Lee et al. (2015).

Carr M.E., Friedrichs M.A.M., Schmeltz M., Maki Noguchi A., Antoine D., Arrigo K.R., Asanuma I., Aumont O., Barber R., Behrenfeld M., Bidigare R., Buitenhuis E.T., Campbell J., Ciotti A., Dierssen H., Dowell M., Dunne J., Esaias W., Gentili B., Gregg W., Groom S., Hoepffner N., Ishizaka J., Kameda T., Le Quéré C., Lohrenz S., Marra J., Mélin F., Moore K., Morel A., Reddy T.A., Ryan J., Scardi M., Smyth T., Turpie K., Tilstone G., Waters K. & Yamanaka Y., (2006). A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color. Deep-Sea Research II, 53: 741–770.

Friedrichs M.A.M., Carr M.-E., Barber R.T., Scardi M., Antoine D., Armstrong R.A:, Asanuma I., Behrenfeld M.J., Buitenhuis E.T., Chai F., Christian J.R., Ciotti A.M., Doney S.C., Dowell M., Dunne J., Gentili B., Gregg W., Hoepffner N., Ishizaka J., Kameda T., Lima I., Marra J., Mélin F., Moore J.K., Morel A., O’Malley R.T., O’Reilly J., Saba V.S., Schmeltz M., Smyth T.J., Tjiputra J., Waters K., Westberry T.K., Winguth A. (2009). Assessing the Uncertainties of Model Estimates of Primary Productivity in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, 76: 113-133.

Esaias, W. (1996). MODIS algorithm theoretical basis document for product MOD-27: ocean primary productivity. Available at http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd-mod24.pdf.

Lee Y.J., Matrai P.A., Friedrichs M.A., Saba V.S., Antoine D., Ardyna M., Asanuma I., Babin M., Bélanger S., Benoît-Gagné M., Devred E., Fernández-Méndez M., Gentili B., Hirawake T., Kang S.H., Kameda T., Katlein C., Lee S.H., Lee Z., Mélin F., Scardi M., Smyth T.J., Tang S., Turpie K.R., Waters K.J., Westberry T.K. (2015). An assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean from satellite ocean color/in situ chlorophyll-a based models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(9): 6508–6541.

Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M. , Carr, M.-E., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Aumont, O., Bates, N. R., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bennington, V., Bopp, L., Bruggeman, J., Buitenhuis, E. T., Church, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Doney, S. C., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Dutkiewicz, S., Gregg, W., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Karl, D. M., Lima, I., Lomas, M. W., Marra, J., McKinley, G. A., Mélin, F., Moore, J. K., Morel, A., Salihoglu, B., Scardi, M., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Tjiputra, J., Uitz, J., Vichi, M., Waters, K., Westberry, T. K.,

Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Behrenfeld, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Dowell, M., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Morel, A., O'Reilly, J., Scardi, M., Smith Jr., W. O., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Uitz, J., Waters, K., Westberry, T. K. (2010b). An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe. Biogeosciences Discussions, 7: 6749-6788|The model uses an artificial neural network to perform a generalized nonlinear regression of PP on several predictive variables, including latitude, longitude, day length, MLD, SST, PBopt computed according to Behrenfeld and Falkowski (1997), PAR and CHL(0 m). More details about this model can be found in Scardi (2001).

Several data sets were used to develop and validate the model. The largest one is still available at http://www.science.oregonstate.edu/ocean.productivity/field.data.c14.readme.php. Since field data were insufficient to calibrate the model in several regions, PP estimates from other models (VGPM, HYR, and the MOD-27 formulation (Esaias, 1996)) were considered as measurements where there were none. Therefore, this model can be regarded as a metamodel.

As vertical profiles with very high (and possibly biased) P/B ratios were filtered out, the PP estimates obtained from this model tend to be slightly lower than those from several other models. Comparisons with other global models of phytoplankton primary production can be found in Carr et al. (2006), Friedrichs et al. (2009), Saba et al. (2010a, 2010b) and Lee et al. (2015).

References

Behrenfeld, M. J., Falkowski, P. G. (1997), Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnology & Oceanography, 42(1), 1–20.

Carr M.E., Friedrichs M.A.M., Schmeltz M., Maki Noguchi A., Antoine D., Arrigo K.R., Asanuma I., Aumont O., Barber R., Behrenfeld M., Bidigare R., Buitenhuis E.T., Campbell J., Ciotti A., Dierssen H., Dowell M., Dunne J., Esaias W., Gentili B., Gregg W., Groom S., Hoepffner N., Ishizaka J., Kameda T., Le Quéré C., Lohrenz S., Marra J., Mélin F., Moore K., Morel A., Reddy T.A., Ryan J., Scardi M., Smyth T., Turpie K., Tilstone G., Waters K. & Yamanaka Y., (2006). A comparison of global estimates of marine primary production from ocean color. Deep-Sea Research II, 53: 741–770.

Friedrichs M.A.M., Carr M.-E., Barber R.T., Scardi M., Antoine D., Armstrong R.A:, Asanuma I., Behrenfeld M.J., Buitenhuis E.T., Chai F., Christian J.R., Ciotti A.M., Doney S.C., Dowell M., Dunne J., Gentili B., Gregg W., Hoepffner N., Ishizaka J., Kameda T., Lima I., Marra J., Mélin F., Moore J.K., Morel A., O’Malley R.T., O’Reilly J., Saba V.S., Schmeltz M., Smyth T.J., Tjiputra J., Waters K., Westberry T.K., Winguth A. (2009). Assessing the Uncertainties of Model Estimates of Primary Productivity in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, 76: 113-133.

Esaias, W. (1996). MODIS algorithm theoretical basis document for product MOD-27: ocean primary productivity. Available at http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd-mod24.pdf.

Lee Y.J., Matrai P.A., Friedrichs M.A., Saba V.S., Antoine D., Ardyna M., Asanuma I., Babin M., Bélanger S., Benoît-Gagné M., Devred E., Fernández-Méndez M., Gentili B., Hirawake T., Kang S.H., Kameda T., Katlein C., Lee S.H., Lee Z., Mélin F., Scardi M., Smyth T.J., Tang S., Turpie K.R., Waters K.J., Westberry T.K. (2015). An assessment of phytoplankton primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean from satellite ocean color/in situ chlorophyll-a based models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 120(9): 6508–6541.

Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M. , Carr, M.-E., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Aumont, O., Bates, N. R., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bennington, V., Bopp, L., Bruggeman, J., Buitenhuis, E. T., Church, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Doney, S. C., Dowell, M., Dunne, J., Dutkiewicz, S., Gregg, W., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Karl, D. M., Lima, I., Lomas, M. W., Marra, J., McKinley, G. A., Mélin, F., Moore, J. K., Morel, A., Salihoglu, B., Scardi, M., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Tjiputra, J., Uitz, J., Vichi, M., Waters, K., Westberry, T. K., Yool, A. (2010a). Challenges of modeling depth-integrated marine primary productivity over multiple decades: A case study at BATS and HOT. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 24, GB3020

Saba, V. S., Friedrichs, M. A. M., Antoine, D., Armstrong, R. A., Asanuma, I., Behrenfeld, M. J., Ciotti, A. M., Dowell, M., Hoepffner, N., Hyde, K. J. W., Ishizaka, J., Kameda, T., Marra, J., Mélin, F., Morel, A., O'Reilly, J., Scardi, M., Smith Jr., W. O., Smyth, T. J., Tang, S., Uitz, J., Wate