Mapping of urban heat and cool islands (ICFU) and relative surface temperature differences from satellite data from 2020-2022. The relative temperature difference is the temperature difference in the city compared to a nearby wooded area. The ICFU mapping was carried out for* [population centers from the 2021 census] (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/92-195-x/2021001/geo/pop/pop-fra.htm) * (CTRPOP) with at least 1,000 inhabitants and a density of at least 400 inhabitants per km2 to which a 2 km buffer zone is added and thus covers all of urban Quebec, i.e. 14,072 km2. The method of categorizing ICFUs is the classification into 9 classes of the predicted relative temperature differences for each population center. The interval values for each class and each distribution population center are presented in an index. Classes 1 to 3 are generally chosen to represent islands of freshness, while classes 8 and 9 represent heat islands. Since surface temperatures have been analyzed at the Quebec ecumene scale, but classes are produced for a given region, the temperature differences between the different classes vary from one region to another. Thus, there are observed differences in the predicted relative temperature differences between northern and southern Quebec. For example, a relative temperature difference of 2°C may be present in class 1 (cooler) in regions located in southern Quebec, but may be present in class 9 (very hot) in regions of northern Quebec. The mapping of temperature differences is produced at the ecumene scale of Quebec (2021 census, 185,453 km2). This mapping was carried out with a predictive machine learning model built from the Landsat-8 temperature band (30 m) provided by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) *, to predict the difference in relative surface temperature from the other merged multispectral bands (15 m resolution) by deriving several independent variables as well as other geospatial variables such as hydrography and topography. This mapping as well as that of * [2013-2014] (https://www.donneesquebec.ca/recherche/dataset/ilots-de-chaleur-fraicheur-urbains-et-ecarts-de-temperature-relatifs-2013-2014) * are used for* [Analysis of change between the 2013-2014 and 2020-2022 heat island mapping and the Urban Heat Island Intensity Index] (https://www.donneesquebec.ca/recherche/dataset/analyse-de-changement-ilots-chaleur-fraicheur-et-indice-intensite-ilots-chaleur-urbains) *. The production of these data was coordinated by the National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ) and carried out by the forest remote sensing laboratory of the Forestry Education and Research Center (CERFO), funded under the* [2013-2020 Climate Change Action Plan] (https://www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca/changementsclimatiques/plan-action.asp) * of the Government of Quebec entitled Le Québec en action vert 2020.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**