The Arctic is warming more than twice as fast as the global average, making climate changess polar effects more intense than anywhere else in the world. The Arctic accounts for half of the organic carbon stored in soils. There is high confidence that the thaw of terrestrial permafrost will lead to carbon release, but only low confidence regarding timing, magnitude and relative role of CO2 versus CH4 according to the sixth assessment report of IPCC (2021). There is general consensus that these issues can be tackled through support by satellite observations, but this has not been fully exploited to date. The recently inaugurated Arctic Methane and Permafrost Challenge (AMPAC) strives to address these questions inter alia through making use of synergistic measurements, activities to improve satellite retrievals with a clear focus on high latitudes, and promoting new dedicated satellite sensors as well as improving validation of existing and upcoming satellite missions.

Gridded product containing a spatial interpolation of the point product onto a uniform grid of elevation and uncertainty. The gridded product is published on a monthly basis with one product per region on a 2km grid in polar stereographic coordinates. The monthly product contains 3 months of data on a rolling basis each month and uses the Thematic point product as its input. For example, the January 2020 gridded product will contain point data for a window starting on 1st December 2019 and ending on 29th February 2020.

Arctic sea surface salinity retrieved from SMOS, spatial resolution 0.25 deg (EASE grid 2.0), temporal resolution 9-day maps generated daily. The product contains the following data: i) sea surface salinity (p.s.u), ii) sea surface salinity uncertainty (p.s.u), and iii) sea surface salinity anomaly (p.s.u): difference between sea surface salinity provided by SSS field and the annual sea surface salinity provided by WOA 2018 A5B7. Product version 3.1. The product will be freely distributed at the BEC webpage http://bec.icm.csic.es and at the project webpage https://arcticsalinity.argans.co.uk.

The overarching project objectiveis threefold- 1) Supporting the development of novel products and enhanced data sets responding to the needs of the Arctic science community;2) Fostering new scientific results addressing the main priority areas of Arctic research;3) Preparing a solid scientific basis for larger activities addressing the priorities of the Arctic science community; This shall involve the collaborationamong the different scientific communities involved in Arctic process studies, modellers and EO experts.

1 km Arctic regional land ice areas, daily, with cloud mask, geotiff at https://github.com/AdrienWehrle/SICE/tree/master/masks

1 km Arctic regional land ice areas, daily, with cloud mask, geotiff at https://github.com/AdrienWehrle/SICE/tree/master/masks

Greenland Geothermal Heat Flow Database and Map

The measurement and charting of the spatial variation of the ocean depths.

Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is a microwave imaging satellite whose operation is led by ESA as part of their Earth Explorer missions. SMOS provides global observations on soil moisture and ocean salinity to improve our understanding of the water cycle and our weather forecasting ability.

Launched in October 2005, CryoSat was a next-generation radar altimetry mission, aiming to determine variations in the thickness of the Earth's continental ice sheets and marine ice cover. Primary objective is to test the prediction of thinning arctic ice due to global warming. CryoSat was supposed to be the first Earth Explorer Opportunity mission in ESA's Living Planet program, but was lost in a launch failure on 8 October 2005, prompting the development of a successor mission, CryoSat-2.