Sécheresse
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This series of datasets has been created by AAFC’s National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) of the Agro-Climate, Geomatics and Earth Observations (ACGEO) Division of the Science and Technology Branch. The Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM) is a composite product developed from a wide assortment of information such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), streamflow values, Palmer Drought Index, and drought indicators used by the agriculture, forest and water management sectors. Drought prone regions are analyzed based on precipitation, temperature, drought model index maps, and climate data and are interpreted by federal, provincial and academic scientists. Once a consensus is reached, a monthly map showing drought designations for Canada is digitized. AAFC’s National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) updates this dataset on a monthly basis, usually by the 10th of every month to correspond to the end of the previous month, and subsequent Canadian input into the larger North American Drought Monitor (NA-DM). The drought areas are classified as follows: D0 (Abnormally Dry) – represents an event that occurs once every 3-5 years; D1 (Moderate Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 5-10 years; D2 (Severe Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 10-20 years; D3 (Extreme Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 20-25 years; and D4 (Exceptional Drought) – represents an event that occurs every 50 years. Impact lines highlight areas that have been physically impacted by drought. Impact labels specify the longitude and magnitude of impacts. The impact labels are classified as follows: S – Short-Term, typically less than 6 months (e.g. agriculture, grasslands). L – Long-Term, typically more than 6 months (e.g. hydrology, ecology).
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The Drought Impact Lines dataset highlights areas that have been physically impacted by drought. All drought impact lines have a drought impact label inside of them to express the longevity of the impact. The impact lines are classified using impact labels as follows: S – Short-Term, typically less than 6 months. L – Long-Term, typically more than 6 months. SL – A combination of Short and Long-Term impacts.
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The Drought Impact Label dataset is used on all drought polygons from D1 to D4 to specify the longitude and magnitude of impacts. Impact labels are often used in association with the Drought Impact Line dataset. The impact labels are classified as follows: S – Short-Term, typically less than 6 months. L – Long-Term, typically more than 6 months. SL – A combination of Short and Long-Term impacts.
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La sécheresse est un déficit de précipitation sur une période prolongée, habituellement une saison ou davantage, qui entraîne une pénurie d’eau ayant des effets néfastes sur la flore, la faune et la population. L'indice d’humidité climatique (IHC) exprime la différence entre les précipitations annuelles et l’évapotranspiration potentielle, c’est-à-dire la perte potentielle d’eau par évaporation d’un milieu couvert de végétation. Un IHC positif révèle des conditions humides et des précipitations suffisantes au maintien d’une forêt à couvert fermé. À l’opposé, un IHC négatif reflète des conditions climatiques sèches, qui peuvent au mieux soutenir des zones discontinues de type forêt-parc. L’IHC est bien adaptée pour évaluer les conditions d'humidité dans les régions sèches comme les provinces des Prairies et a été utilisé pour d'autres études écologiques. L’évapotranspiration potentielle moyenne annuelle (PET) a été estimée pour des périodes de 30 ans au moyen de l’équation Penman-Monteith modifiée de Hogg (1997), selon des données de température mensuelles réparties sur une grille de 10 km. Les données qui figurent sur les cartes sont des moyennes sur 30 ans. Les valeurs historiques de l’IHC (1981 à 2010) ont été créées en établissant la moyenne de l’IHC annuel calculé au moyen des données mensuelles interpolées de température et de précipitations produites à partir des rapports des stations climatiques. Pour les années à venir, la projection des valeurs de l’IHC a été basée sur des valeurs mensuelles de température et de précipitations dont l’échelle a été réduite et qui ont été simulées au moyen du modèle canadien du système terrestre, version 2 (Canadian Earth System Model version 2 [CanESM2]), pour de multiples scénarios RCP de forçage radiatif. Plusieurs couches de données sont fournies : les indices d’humidité climatique sont présentés à l’échelle du Canada pour la période de référence de 1981 à 2010. La projection des valeurs à venir au moyen du scénario RCP 8.5 est faite pour trois périodes distinctes : 2011 à 2040, 2041 à 2070 et 2071 à 2100. La projection des valeurs à venir au moyen du scénario RCP 2.6 faite pour la période de 2071 à 2100.
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30-year Average Dry Day Count is defined as the count of the average number of climate days which received less than 0.5 mm of precipitation during the calendar month. These values are calculated across Canada in 10x10 km cells, and are based on average precipitation amounts over a 30-year period (1961-1990, 1971-2000, 1981-2010, 1991-2020). These values are calculated across Canada in 10x10 km cells.
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This is a map of current snow basin indices across British Columbia. Snow basin index mapping is based on analysis from the River Forecast Centre, and is meant to accompany the Snow Conditions and Water Supply Bulletins that are published for data from January 1st, February 1st, March 1st, April 1st, May 1st, May 15th, June 1st and June 15th each year. Snow data collection is managed by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy's Snow Program.
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Polygons representing areas vulnerable to heavy rains, heat waves, destructive storms, droughts, and floods. Vulnerability corresponds to the propensity or predisposition of a system (community, infrastructure and natural environment) to suffer damage caused by the manifestation of a climatic hazard. It varies according to the nature, extent and pace of the evolution of the event as well as the variation in the climate to which the system is exposed, the sensitivity of this system and its capacity to adapt. The [Climate Plan 2020-2030] (https://portail-m4s.s3.montreal.ca/pdf/Plan_climat%2020-16-16-VF4_VDM.pdf) aims, among other things, to improve urban planning and regulatory tools. Montréal has thus committed to updating the climate change vulnerability analysis, including the heat island map, carried out as part of the 2015-2020 Agglomération de Montréal Climate Change Adaptation Plan and to integrating it into the next urban and mobility plan. In addition, in order to take stock of the evolution of the Climate Plan, the City of Montreal annually publishes an [accountability report] (https://montreal.ca/articles/plan-climat-montreal-objectif-carboneutralite-dici-2050-7613) of its 46 actions as well as its eight indicators, including the state of the various climate hazards illustrated by vulnerability maps. The data can also be consulted on the [interactive map of vulnerabilities to climate hazards in the Montreal agglomeration] (https://bter.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=157cde446d8942d7b4367e2159942e05).**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**
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Agriculture is an important primary production sector in Canada. Agricultural production, profitability, sustainability and food security depend on many agrometeorological factors, including drought. The Canadian Drought Outlook predicts whether drought across Canada will emerge, stay the same or get better over the target month. The drought outlook is issued on the first Thursday of each calendar month and is valid for 32 days from that date. This series of datasets has been created by AAFC’s National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) of the Agro-Climate, Geomatics and Earth Observations (ACGEO) Division of the Science and Technology Branch. The Canadian Drought Outlook maps are generated using Environment and Climate Change Canada’s (ECCC) Global Ensemble Prediction (GEPs) forecast data. Agroclimate indices, such as the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standard Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) are calculated using the GEPs forecast data. These indices are then combined with the current Canadian drought assessment to predict future changes in drought.