Every year, since 1967, the Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) has been conducting an aerial survey of damage caused by the main insects and diseases that attack trees. This fact sheet focuses exclusively on data concerning damage caused by hemlock looper. The data is updated annually only in case damage is observed. The aerial survey is carried out in sectors previously determined according to the damage of the previous year, the results of inventories to predict the populations of this insect and the observations reported in the forest.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Ice maps produced for the prevention of flooding by ice jams and the monitoring of river ice during spring floods, winter temperatures or even during problems with ice jams. The maps are derived from radar satellite images, therefore available regardless of cloud cover, from several different sources, using algorithms to classify pixels into types of ice cover. Data is only processed and displayed on the main rivers at risk. The date the image was taken and the approximate region covered by the data is shown in the layer name. Data is added several times a week, but the frequency of revisits to each river can vary between 2 days and 2 weeks. The satellites and algorithms used according to the periods are summarized in this list: * __Image prefix__: period covered; source satellite; resolution of the maps produced; algorithm used * __R2__: 2018 - 2022; Radarsat 2; 7m; Radarsat 2; 7m; IceMap-r * 7m; IceMap-r * 7m; IceMap-r * 7m; IceMap-r * __RCM__; IceMap-r * __RCM__: 2024 - __RCM__: 2024 - now; Sentinal El 1; 12.5m; Arctus proprietary algorithm The different classes in the legend make it possible to differentiate the following types of ice: * __Water (dark blue) __: open water * __Water /Smooth ice (blue) __: a combination of water on ice, or spaced rafts of frasil * __Smooth ice (cyan) __: or black ice, the exact term for this type of ice is “columnar ice”, due to the vertical and elongated shape of the crystals that compose it. Black ice is generally transparent because it contains few or no air bubbles. It is formed by cooling, in fairly calm water, which is why it is sometimes called “thermal ice”. Its surface is very smooth. * __Consolidated ice (light pink) __: it includes Frasil ice or snow ice. Frasil ice forms in turbulent and very cold water. Composed of fine rounded crystals. These grains accumulate and rise to the surface to form moving ice rafts. These rafts end up close enough to freeze together (agglomerated ice). It contains a lot of air bubbles Its surface is slightly to moderately rough. * __Consolidated ice with accumulations (dark pink) __: ice cover formed by the stacking and freezing of various forms of moving ice. blocks that are superimposed or pieces of ice that are detached in one place and that are piled up in another. Moderately rough to very rough surface The images from Radarsat-2 and RCM are obtained through a partnership between Public Safety Canada and the MSP. The ICEMAP-R algorithm developed by INRS makes it possible to identify the type of ice according to the internal roughness of the ice (presence of air bubbles) and the roughness of the surface of the ice cover (presence of blocks and accumulations). The initial version was usable for Radarsat 2. The 2022 and 2023 RCM ice maps are given as an indication (new algorithm in progress), only data since 2024 are processed with the Icemap-R algorithm adapted to RCM. Since 2018, the MSP has also used images from Sentinel-1, a radar satellite from the European Space Agency with a resolution of 10 m, resampled to 12.5m for ice maps. The images are then processed by the firm Arctus, which uses a proprietary algorithm. The output of the various algorithms has been reclassified to obtain a comparable legend. Historical data may have presented an alternative classification. Until 2022, the legend varied between winter and thaw. The web service also contains visible satellite images from Landsat satellites (the image prefixes are then L8, L9) or Sentinel 2 (prefix S2). In this case, colored compounds (false colors to benefit from infrared bands in particular) are used to best visualize the presence of ice. From 2024, the colored compound S2 used is as follows: * Red: band 8A (Near Infrared - VNIR) 20m (resampled to 10m) * Green: band 3 (Green) 10m * Blue: band 2 (Blue) 10m * Blue: band 2 (Blue) 10m**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Every year, since 1967, the Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) has been conducting an aerial survey of damage caused by the main insects and diseases that attack trees. This fact sheet focuses exclusively on data on damage caused by spruce budworm (TBE). The aerial survey is carried out in sectors previously determined according to the damage of the previous year and the results of inventories to predict the populations of this insect. From 2013 to 2022, the DPF acquired aerial survey videos to obtain additional observer data. Since 2023, high-resolution geotagged images have replaced videos.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

The map brings together data on wave breaking during the High Tides in December 2010. Purpose: To report on the situation during the High Tides in December 2010.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Every year, since 1967, the Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) has been conducting an aerial survey of damage caused by the main insects and diseases that attack trees. This fact sheet focuses exclusively on data on damage caused by jack pine budworm. The data is updated annually only in case damage is observed. The aerial survey is carried out in sectors previously determined according to the damage of the previous year and the results of inventories to predict the populations of this insect.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Every year, since 1967, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forests (MRNF) has been conducting an aerial survey and since 2024, with the acquisition of satellite imagery, the Ministry has detected some damage caused by the main insects and diseases that attack trees. This fact sheet focuses exclusively on data concerning damage caused by forest livery. The data is updated annually only in case damage is observed.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

Measurement of flow and level stations from partners of the Ministry of Public Security (MSP). Flows and levels make it possible to automatically monitor the risks of flooding in open water on rivers, watersheds and lakes where hydrometric stations are installed based on pre-established consequence thresholds. Other watercourses that do not have such instruments are also monitored by municipal and governmental authorities. Data from the following partners are integrated into the application and web services: Quebec Water Expertise Center, Quebec Water Expertise Center, Meteorological Service of Canada, Hydrographic Service of Canada, Hydro Meteo, Chaudière River Monitoring System, USGS... The latest level (m) and flow (m³/s) values are provided, when available, as well as the status of the station according to pre-established flood thresholds. The definition of states can be found here: https://vigilance.geo.msp.gouv.qc.ca/en-savoir-plus/stations#etat). This data is updated several times a day and is also visualized in the Vigilance - Flood Monitoring application.**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**