The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured across seven shelf–basin transects (south-north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. This dataset is the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

In April 2017, two Ice Atmosphere Arctic Ocean Observing System platforms (IAOOS 23 and IAOOS 24) were deployed near the North Pole. Over the next 8 months, they meandered southwards with the ice in the Transpolar Drift, collecting measurements in the upper 250 m of Amundsen Basin, Nansen Basin and Fram Strait. The ocean profilers are PROVOR SPI (from French manufacturer NKE), which includes a Seabird SBE41 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) and a dissolved oxygen (DO) Aandera 4330 optode. IAOOS 23 also featured a bio-optics sensor suite and a submersible ultraviolet nitrate analyzer (SUNA, Satlantic-Seabird Inc.). The bio-optics sensor suite (called Pack Rem A) combines a three-optical-sensor instrument (ECO Triplet, WET Labs Inc.) and a multispectral radiometer (OCR-504, Satlantic Inc.). The present dataset is composed of chlorophyll-a fluorescence, backscatter, irradiances (at 412, 490 and 555 nm), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), nitrate and colored-dissolved organic matter data from the IAOOS 23 platform, as well as composites of absolute salinity, conservative temperature and apparent oxygen utilization data from both profilers. The profilers were set to perform two upward profiles a day from 250 m starting at approximately 6 am and 6 pm. In this dataset, chlorophyll-a, PAR and irradiances were corrected with a shift to set dark values to zero. Nitrate was interpolated vertically every 5 m, and all other parameters were interpolated vertically every 0.5 m. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

We report continuous observations in the high Arctic (north of 84°N) over the full 2013 summer season at two nearby sites with distinct initial snow depth, ice thickness and altitude with respect to the local ice topography. The two sites subject to similar atmospheric conditions that did not favor strong ice melt showed a contrasted evolution. One site, with an initial thin sea ice (1.40 m) at a low location of the floe, witnessed the formation of a spectacular 1.20 m-deep melt pond, a pond-enhanced erosion of the ice surface and a sudden pond drainage into the ocean. Then, the outpoured fresh water rapidly froze, heated the old ice from below and also acted as a temporary shield from the ocean heat flux while it was progressively ablated through dissolution. Eventually, the site almost recovered its initial ice thickness. In contrast, the other site, with an initial thicker sea ice (1.75 m) at a high location of the floe, did not support any significant melt water and underwent over 0.5 m of continuous basal ablation. The two sites witnessed formation of superimposed and interposed ice. Sea-ice survived summer melt at the two sites which entered the refreezing season with similar snow and ice thicknesses. For the first time, processes associated with the formation of a deep melt pond and subsequent false bottom evolution are continuously documented with ice mass balance instruments.  Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Two ice mass balance instruments (part of IAOOS7 and IAOOS8 platforms) deployed near 83°N on the same ice floe, documented the evolution of snow and ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard in Jan-Mar 2015. Frequent profiles of temperature (every 3 hours) and temperature change after 30s and 120s heating (once a day) were recorded. The ratio of the temperature changes after heating provides a proxy for thermal diffusivity. Both instruments documented flooding and snow-ice formation. Flooding was clearly detectable in the simultaneous changes in thermal diffusivity proxy, increased temperature, and heat propagation through the underlying ice. Slush then progressively transformed into snow-ice. Flooding resulted from two different processes; i) after storm-induced break-up of snow-loaded floes for IAOOS8 and ii) after loss of buoyancy due to basal ice melt for IAOOS7. The instrument on IAOOS7 documented basal sea-ice melt over warm Atlantic waters and ocean-to-ice heat flux peaked at up to 400 Wm-2 in winter. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

This dataset is included the following parameters: Meteorological: air tTemperature,humidity,pressure,wind speed,wind direction. Hydrology: temperature,salinity,density. Hydrochemistry: oxygen,phosphate,silicate,oxygen,pH,alkalinity.

Measurements data on "North Pole-36" station.This dataset is included the following hydrology parameters:temperature,salinity,density. Meteorological parameters: wind direction,wind speed,air temperature,visibility,air pressure,humidity,cloud cover,cloud cover of the form,ice:type,ice:form,ice:concentration.

Measurement data on the "Rossiya" icebreaker.This dataset is included the following parameters:temperature of water,salinity,dencity.Additionally, meteorological data are presented:wind speed,wind direction, air temperature, visibility.

This dataset is included the following parameters: water temperature, salinity,air temperature,visibility (code). Research vessel:"Mikhail Somov".

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

ADCP data was collected at EMEC (Orkney, UK) full scale tidal site at Fall of Warness. No structures were present around the instrument at the time of the deployment. ADCP was mounted on a seabed frame. Resolution of data [s]: 1200; Sample period (s): 1200; Number of data records: 1005; Bin count: 59; Pings per Ens: 50; Time per Ping [s]: 24; 1st Bin [m]: 1.86; Bin size [m]: 0.75; Mode: Earth; Processing Software: IMPAQCT; QC process: SOP134; Data quality comments: No QC applied to the data. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.