This service shows the percentage of the population who reported an Aboriginal identity by census subdivision. The data is from the Census Profile, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. Aboriginal identity refers to whether the person identified with the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. This includes those who are First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who are Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada) and/or those who have membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the 2016 Census of Population. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Aboriginal identity'. To have a cartographic representation of the ecumene with this socio-economic indicator, it is recommended to add as the first layer, the “NRCan - 2016 population ecumene by census subdivision” web service, accessible in the data resources section below.

This service shows the ratio of immigrants who arrived between 2001 and 2016 to immigrants who arrived before 2001, by census subdivision, 2016. The data is a custom extraction from the 2016 Census - 25% sample data. This data pertains to persons in private households who are immigrants by their period of immigration. 'Immigrant' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016. 'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Immigrant status' and 'Period of immigration'. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Immigrant status' and 'Period of immigration'. To have a cartographic representation of the ecumene with this socio-economic indicator, it is recommended to add as the first layer, the “NRCan - 2016 population ecumene by census subdivision” web service, accessible in the data resources section below.

This service shows the ratio of immigrants who arrived between 2001 and 2016 to immigrants who arrived before 2001, by 2016 census division. The data is a custom extraction from the 2016 Census - 25% sample data. This data pertains to persons in private households who are immigrants by their period of immigration. 'Immigrant' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2016 Census of Population, 'Immigrant' includes immigrants who landed in Canada on or prior to May 10, 2016. 'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Immigrant status' and 'Period of immigration'. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Immigrant status' and 'Period of immigration'. To have a cartographic representation of the ecumene with this socio-economic indicator, it is recommended to add as the first layer, the “NRCan - 2016 population ecumene by census division” web service, accessible in the data resources section below.

This service shows the predominant mother tongue in each census subdivision based on English, French or non-official language. The data is from the data table Mother Tongue (10), Age (27) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 100% Data, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-400-X2016046. Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned two languages at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has two mother tongues only if the two languages were used equally often and are still understood by the person. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. The child has two mother tongues only if both languages are spoken equally often so that the child learns both languages at the same time. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for 'Mother tongue'. To have a cartographic representation of the ecumene with this socio-economic indicator, it is recommended to add as the first layer, the “NRCan - 2016 population ecumene by census subdivision” web service, accessible in the data resources section below.

This service shows the percentage of population aged 25 to 64 years in private households with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree by census division, 2016. The data is from the Census Profile, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2016001. This data pertains to the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households by the highest level of education that a person has successfully completed. Persons with a post-secondary certificate, diploma or degree includes those with an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma; a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; a university certificate or diploma below bachelor level or a university certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for ' Highest certificate, diploma or degree'. For additional information refer to the 2016 Census Dictionary for ' Highest certificate, diploma or degree'. To have a cartographic representation of the ecumene with this socio-economic indicator, it is recommended to add as the first layer, the “NRCan - 2016 population ecumene by census division” web service, accessible in the data resources section below.