The Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM) is a composite product developed from a wide assortment of information such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), streamflow values, Palmer Drought Index, and drought indicators used by the agriculture, forest and water management sectors. Drought prone regions are analyzed based on precipitation, temperature, drought model index maps, and climate data and are interpreted by federal, provincial and academic scientists. Once a consensus is reached, a monthly map showing drought designations for Canada is digitized. AAFC's National Agroclimate Information Service (NAIS) updates this dataset on a monthly basis, usually by the 10th of every month to correspond to the end of the previous month, and subsequent Canadian input into the larger North American Drought Monitor (NA-DM). For more information, visit: http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/292646cd-619f-4200-afb1-8b2c52f984a2

Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage that has adverse impacts on vegetation, animals and/or people. The Climate Moisture Index (CMI) was calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) – the potential loss of water vapour from a landscape covered by vegetation. Positive CMI values indicate wet or moist conditions and show that precipitation is sufficient to sustain a closed-canopy forest. Negative CMI values indicate dry conditions that, at best, can support discontinuous parkland-type forests. The CMI is well suited to evaluating moisture conditions in dry regions such as the Prairie Provinces and has been used for other ecological studies. Mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated for 30-year periods using the modified Penman-Monteith formulation of Hogg (1997), based on monthly 10-km gridded temperature data. Data shown on maps are 30-year averages. Historical values of CMI (1981-2010) were created by averaging annual CMI calculated from interpolated monthly temperature and precipitation data produced from climate station records. Future values of CMI were projected from downscaled monthly values of temperature and precipitation simulated using the Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) for two different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). RCPs are different greenhouse gas concentration trajectories adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for its fifth Assessment Report. RCP 2.6 (referred to as rapid emissions reductions) assumes that greenhouse gas concentrations peak between 2010-2020, with emissions declining thereafter. In the RCP 8.5 scenario (referred to as continued emissions increases) greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise throughout the 21st century. Provided layer: projected mean annual Climate Moisture Index across Canada for the long-term (2071-2100) under the RCP 2.6 (rapid emissions reductions). Reference: Hogg, E.H. 1997. Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 84,115–122.

Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage that has adverse impacts on vegetation, animals and/or people. The Climate Moisture Index (CMI) was calculated as the difference between annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) – the potential loss of water vapour from a landscape covered by vegetation. Positive CMI values indicate wet or moist conditions and show that precipitation is sufficient to sustain a closed-canopy forest. Negative CMI values indicate dry conditions that, at best, can support discontinuous parkland-type forests. The CMI is well suited to evaluating moisture conditions in dry regions such as the Prairie Provinces and has been used for other ecological studies. Mean annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) was estimated for 30-year periods using the modified Penman-Monteith formulation of Hogg (1997), based on monthly 10-km gridded temperature data. Data shown on maps are 30-year averages. Historical values of CMI (1981-2010) were created by averaging annual CMI calculated from interpolated monthly temperature and precipitation data produced from climate station records. Future values of CMI were projected from downscaled monthly values of temperature and precipitation simulated using the Canadian Earth System Model version 2 (CanESM2) for multiple RCP radiative forcing scenarios. Provided layer: Climate moisture index (CMI) - Future projections using RCP 8.5 for 2011-2040. Reference: Hogg, E.H. 1997. Temporal scaling of moisture and the forest-grassland boundary in western Canada. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 84,115–122.

This data contains information on active precipitation gauges in Ontario. These precipitation gauges: * measure how much rainfall/precipitation falls on the ground (mm) * are peripherals to hydrometric monitoring stations within the Ontario Hydrometric Network Rainfall and snowmelt are primary causes of flooding in Ontario. The lack of precipitation often causes low water and drought conditions. Data from the gauges is collected and maintained by the Surface Water Monitoring Centre (SWMC). The data supports SWMC and partner organization such as conservation authorities, on the local and provincial scale, with: * flood forecasting and warning * drought monitoring The SWMC transfers precipitation data to Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). This happens through an automated process integrated into the SWMC corporate water and climate database. ECCC publishes and maintains a variety of datasets on their Meteorological Services of Canada Datamart, a publicly accessible source for meteorological and hydrological data. This data source has 24/7 operational service and provides support on a best effort basis during normal business hours. There are 30 days worth of precipitation data available on the MSC (Meteorological Services of Canada) Datamart. To access the data, input a date in the link. The links contained in the files will only work if you input a date within the past 30 days. The instructions below are for how to set up the link to access the data. __Setup the Link__ 1. Paste the link from either the Climate Stations or https://dd.weather.gc.ca/YYYYMMDD/WXO-DD/observations/swob-ml/partners/on_water. 2. Input the date to get the data. A section in the link is to identify the date in the format of “YYYYMMDD” (Y = year, M = month, D = day). The date must be within the past 30 days. 3. Download either the precipitation data (XML format) or stations (CSV format).

This app shows short-term (1-month), medium-term (3-month) and long-term (12-month) precipitation conditions for Manitoba. This app shows precipitation conditions for Manitoba.   Precipitation conditions maps are developed to determine the severity of meteorological dryness and are also an indirect measurement of agricultural dryness. Precipitation indicators are calculated at over 40 locations by comparing total precipitation over the time period to long-term (1971 – 2015) medians.  Three different time periods are used to represent: (1) short-term conditions (the past one month), (2) medium-term conditions (the past three months), and (3) long-term conditions (the past twelve months). These 1-month, 3-month, and 12-month indicator values are then interpolated across the province to produce the layers in this web map.Long-term and medium-term precipitation indicators provide the most appropriate assessment of dryness as the short term indicator is influenced by significant rainfall events and spatial variability in rainfall, particularly during summer storms. Due to large distances between meteorological stations in northern Manitoba, the interpolated contours in this region are based on limited observations and should be interpreted with caution.Precipitation data is obtained from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Manitoba Agriculture, and Manitoba Sustainable Development's Fire Program.Pop-ups include the following information:Precipitation Indicator NameDate: Precipitation conditions correspond to the specified date.Class: Precipitation class.  Precipitation conditions classified as follows:Per cent of median greater than 115 per cent is classified as “above normal”. Per cent of median between 85 per cent and 115 per cent is classified as “normal”. Per cent of median between 60 per cent and 85 per cent is classified as “moderately dry”. Per cent of median between 40 per cent and 60 per cent is classified as “severely dry”. Per cent of median less than 40 per cent is classified as “extremely dry”.For more information, please visit the Manitoba Drought Monitor website.

Point locations of water and weather monitoring stations used by the [Surface Water Monitoring Centre](http://www.ontario.ca/page/surface-water-monitoring-centre) to assess flood and drought conditions across Ontario. Monitoring station types include: * streamflow gauge stations * Environment and Climate Change Canada climate stations * Ministry of Transportation road weather stations * Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) fire weather stations * MNR snow network stations (wildlife) * MNR snow survey stations (weather) * Ontario Power Generation snow survey stations (weather)

NOAA Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS): Providing both real-time and retrospective format independent access to climate and weather model data.