Atlantic Ocean
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(La version française suit) What is an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area? Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) are areas within Canada’s oceansthat have been identified through formal scientific assessments as having special biological or ecological significance when compared with the surrounding marine ecosystem.Failure to define an area as an EBSA does not mean that it is unimportant ecologically. All areas serve ecological functions to some extent and require sustainable management. Rather, areas identified as EBSAs should be viewed as the most important areas where, with existing knowledge, regulators and marine users should be particularly risk averse to ensure ecosystems remain healthy and productive. Why are EBSAs identified? EBSA information is used to inform marine planning, including environmental assessment and the siting of marine-based activities, by: Informing and guiding project-specific or regional environmental assessments; Informing and guiding industries and regulators in their planning and operations, for example: EBSAs have been acknowledged and referred to (often as "Special Areas" or "Potentially Sensitive Areas") in oil and gas related assessments. EBSA information has been provided to proponents of submarine cable projects to be used for route planning purposes. Informing and guiding the Integrated Oceans Management (IOM)process within five Large Oceans Management Areas (LOMAs)and 12 marine bioregions; Serving as a basis for the identification of Areas of Interest (AOIs)and of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)(individually and in the context of planning bioregional networks of MPAs); How are EBSAs identified? The process used to identify EBSAs is generally comprised of two phases. The first phase involves compiling scientific data and knowledge of a marine area’s ecosystems ─ notably fish species, marine mammals, sea birds, marine flora, marine productivity, physical and chemical conditions and geology. “Knowledge” includes experiential knowledge of long-time uses of the areas. In some cases (e.g., in the Arctic), substantial efforts are taken to collect traditional knowledge on ecosystems and environmental conditions from community members, fish harvests, hunters and individuals whose knowledge of the study area complement and often helps fill scientific data gaps. In the second phase, the available information for a marine area (e.g. a bioregion) is assessed against five nationally-established science-based criteria including: Uniqueness: How distinct is the ecosystem of an area compared to surrounding ones? Aggregation: Whether or not species populate or convene to the study area? Fitness consequence: How critical the area is to the life history of the species that use it (e.g. is it a spawning or feeding ground)? Naturalness: How pristine or disturbed by human activities is the study area? Resilience: What is the ability of the ecosystem to bounce back if it is disturbed? Progress to date and next steps EBSAs have been identified for large portions of Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific oceans as well as most of the Arctic oceans. For a map of current EBSAs in these areas, click here. EBSAs will continue to be identified in priority areas as resources become available to carry out the process. The boundaries or locations of existing EBSAs may be modified to reflect both new knowledge and changing environmental conditions. Les zones d'importance écologique et biologique (ZIEB) sont des zones au sein des eaux océaniques canadiennesque des évaluations scientifiques officielles ont désignées comme ayant une importance écologique et biologique particulière par rapport à l'écosystème marin environnant. Le fait qu'une zone n'ait pas été désignée comme ayant une importance écologique et biologique ne signifie pas pour autant qu'elle n'a pas une importance écologique. Toutes les zones assument des fonctions écologiques dans une certaine mesure et exigent une gestion durable. Les zones désignées comme des ZIEB devraient plutôt être vues comme des zones extrêmement importantes, où les connaissances, les législateurs et les utilisateurs des ressources marines doivent exercer une grande prudence eu égard au risque, afin de veiller à ce que les écosystèmes restent sains et productifs. Pourquoi des ZIEB sont-elles désignées? Les renseignements relatifs à ces aires sont utilisés pour appuyer la planification marine, notamment l'évaluation environnementale et la mise en place d'activités marines: En informant et guidant les industries et les législateurs pour une planification et une conduite d'activités optimale, par exemple: les zones d'importance écologique et biologique ont été prises en compte et mentionnées dans les évaluations portant sur le pétrole et le gaz. Des renseignements ont été fournis aux promoteurs de projets de câbles sous-marins, afin de les aider à en déterminer les tracés. En information et en guidant le processus de gestion intégrée des océans dans cinq zones étendues de gestion des océans et 12 biorégions marines. En servant de fondement pour la détermination des zones d'intérêt et des zones de protection marines (de manière individuelle et dans le cadre de la planification des réseaux biorégionaux de zones de protection marines). Comment désigne-t-on les zones d'importance écologique et biologique? Le processus utilisé pour désigner les zones d'importance écologique et biologique comprend généralement deux étapes. La première étape consiste à recueillir des données scientifiques et des connaissances relatives aux écosystèmes d'une aire marine, notamment les espèces de poissons, de mammifères marins et d'oiseaux marins, la flore marine, la productivité marine, les conditions physiques et chimiques, et la géologie. Les « connaissances » comprennent les connaissances empiriques des utilisateurs de longue date de ces aires. Dans certains cas (p. ex. dans l'Arctique), d'importants efforts sont déployés pour réunir les connaissances traditionnelles sur les écosystèmes et les conditions environnementales des membres des communautés, des pêcheurs, des chasseurs et des personnes dont la connaissance de la zone étudiée complète l'information existante et permet souvent d'aider à combler les lacunes dans les données scientifiques. La deuxième étape consiste à évaluer l'information disponible relative à une aire marine (p. ex., une biorégion) en utilisant cinq critères scientifiques nationaux: La spécificité: dans quelle mesure l'écosystème d'une aire est-il distinct des écosystèmes environnants? La concentration: l'aire étudiée abrite-t-elle des espèces ou est-elle un lieu de regroupement d'espèces? Les conséquences sur la valeur adaptative: dans quelle mesure l'aire est-elle vitale pour le cycle biologique des espèces qui l'utilisent (p. ex., est-ce une zone de frai ou d'alimentation? Le caractère naturel: dans quelle mesure la zone étudiée est-elle demeurée intacte ou est-elle perturbée par les activités humaines? La résilience: dans quelle mesure l'écosystème est-il capable de se rétablir s'il est perturbé? Progrès réalisés à ce jour et prochaines étapes Des zones d'importance écologique et biologique ont été désignées dans une grande partie des eaux océaniques de l'Atlantique et du Pacifique canadien, ainsi que dans la quasi-totalité de l'océan Arctique. À mesure que des ressources seront disponibles pour mener à bien le processus, des zones d'importance écologique et biologique continueront à être désignées dans les zones prioritaires. Les limites ou les emplacements des zones d'importance écologique et biologique existantes sont susceptibles d'être modifiés pour refléter les nouvelles connaissances et conditions environnementales.
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(La version française suit) What is an Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area? Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) are areas within Canada’s oceansthat have been identified through formal scientific assessments as having special biological or ecological significance when compared with the surrounding marine ecosystem.Failure to define an area as an EBSA does not mean that it is unimportant ecologically. All areas serve ecological functions to some extent and require sustainable management. Rather, areas identified as EBSAs should be viewed as the most important areas where, with existing knowledge, regulators and marine users should be particularly risk averse to ensure ecosystems remain healthy and productive. Why are EBSAs identified? EBSA information is used to inform marine planning, including environmental assessment and the siting of marine-based activities, by: Informing and guiding project-specific or regional environmental assessments; Informing and guiding industries and regulators in their planning and operations, for example: EBSAs have been acknowledged and referred to (often as "Special Areas" or "Potentially Sensitive Areas") in oil and gas related assessments. EBSA information has been provided to proponents of submarine cable projects to be used for route planning purposes. Informing and guiding the Integrated Oceans Management (IOM)process within five Large Oceans Management Areas (LOMAs)and 12 marine bioregions; Serving as a basis for the identification of Areas of Interest (AOIs)and of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)(individually and in the context of planning bioregional networks of MPAs); How are EBSAs identified? The process used to identify EBSAs is generally comprised of two phases. The first phase involves compiling scientific data and knowledge of a marine area’s ecosystems ─ notably fish species, marine mammals, sea birds, marine flora, marine productivity, physical and chemical conditions and geology. “Knowledge” includes experiential knowledge of long-time uses of the areas. In some cases (e.g., in the Arctic), substantial efforts are taken to collect traditional knowledge on ecosystems and environmental conditions from community members, fish harvests, hunters and individuals whose knowledge of the study area complement and often helps fill scientific data gaps. In the second phase, the available information for a marine area (e.g. a bioregion) is assessed against five nationally-established science-based criteria including: Uniqueness: How distinct is the ecosystem of an area compared to surrounding ones? Aggregation: Whether or not species populate or convene to the study area? Fitness consequence: How critical the area is to the life history of the species that use it (e.g. is it a spawning or feeding ground)? Naturalness: How pristine or disturbed by human activities is the study area? Resilience: What is the ability of the ecosystem to bounce back if it is disturbed? Progress to date and next steps EBSAs have been identified for large portions of Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific oceans as well as most of the Arctic oceans. For a map of current EBSAs in these areas, click here. EBSAs will continue to be identified in priority areas as resources become available to carry out the process. The boundaries or locations of existing EBSAs may be modified to reflect both new knowledge and changing environmental conditions. Les zones d'importance écologique et biologique (ZIEB) sont des zones au sein des eaux océaniques canadiennesque des évaluations scientifiques officielles ont désignées comme ayant une importance écologique et biologique particulière par rapport à l'écosystème marin environnant. Le fait qu'une zone n'ait pas été désignée comme ayant une importance écologique et biologique ne signifie pas pour autant qu'elle n'a pas une importance écologique. Toutes les zones assument des fonctions écologiques dans une certaine mesure et exigent une gestion durable. Les zones désignées comme des ZIEB devraient plutôt être vues comme des zones extrêmement importantes, où les connaissances, les législateurs et les utilisateurs des ressources marines doivent exercer une grande prudence eu égard au risque, afin de veiller à ce que les écosystèmes restent sains et productifs. Pourquoi des ZIEB sont-elles désignées? Les renseignements relatifs à ces aires sont utilisés pour appuyer la planification marine, notamment l'évaluation environnementale et la mise en place d'activités marines: En informant et guidant les industries et les législateurs pour une planification et une conduite d'activités optimale, par exemple: les zones d'importance écologique et biologique ont été prises en compte et mentionnées dans les évaluations portant sur le pétrole et le gaz. Des renseignements ont été fournis aux promoteurs de projets de câbles sous-marins, afin de les aider à en déterminer les tracés. En information et en guidant le processus de gestion intégrée des océans dans cinq zones étendues de gestion des océans et 12 biorégions marines. En servant de fondement pour la détermination des zones d'intérêt et des zones de protection marines (de manière individuelle et dans le cadre de la planification des réseaux biorégionaux de zones de protection marines). Comment désigne-t-on les zones d'importance écologique et biologique? Le processus utilisé pour désigner les zones d'importance écologique et biologique comprend généralement deux étapes. La première étape consiste à recueillir des données scientifiques et des connaissances relatives aux écosystèmes d'une aire marine, notamment les espèces de poissons, de mammifères marins et d'oiseaux marins, la flore marine, la productivité marine, les conditions physiques et chimiques, et la géologie. Les « connaissances » comprennent les connaissances empiriques des utilisateurs de longue date de ces aires. Dans certains cas (p. ex. dans l'Arctique), d'importants efforts sont déployés pour réunir les connaissances traditionnelles sur les écosystèmes et les conditions environnementales des membres des communautés, des pêcheurs, des chasseurs et des personnes dont la connaissance de la zone étudiée complète l'information existante et permet souvent d'aider à combler les lacunes dans les données scientifiques. La deuxième étape consiste à évaluer l'information disponible relative à une aire marine (p. ex., une biorégion) en utilisant cinq critères scientifiques nationaux: La spécificité: dans quelle mesure l'écosystème d'une aire est-il distinct des écosystèmes environnants? La concentration: l'aire étudiée abrite-t-elle des espèces ou est-elle un lieu de regroupement d'espèces? Les conséquences sur la valeur adaptative: dans quelle mesure l'aire est-elle vitale pour le cycle biologique des espèces qui l'utilisent (p. ex., est-ce une zone de frai ou d'alimentation? Le caractère naturel: dans quelle mesure la zone étudiée est-elle demeurée intacte ou est-elle perturbée par les activités humaines? La résilience: dans quelle mesure l'écosystème est-il capable de se rétablir s'il est perturbé? Progrès réalisés à ce jour et prochaines étapes Des zones d'importance écologique et biologique ont été désignées dans une grande partie des eaux océaniques de l'Atlantique et du Pacifique canadien, ainsi que dans la quasi-totalité de l'océan Arctique. À mesure que des ressources seront disponibles pour mener à bien le processus, des zones d'importance écologique et biologique continueront à être désignées dans les zones prioritaires. Les limites ou les emplacements des zones d'importance écologique et biologique existantes sont susceptibles d'être modifiés pour refléter les nouvelles connaissances et conditions environnementales.
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Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s (DFO) Coastal Environmental Baseline Program supports the collection of ecological information on the current state of key coastal ecosystems across Canada. This initiative aims to acquire environmental baseline data (physical, chemical and biological) contributing to the characterization of important coastal areas and to support evidence-based assessments and management decisions for preserving marine ecosystems. From this page, you will find links to the data from projects undertaken from 2018-2022 at six coastal sites across Canada.
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one among a number of spatial management tools, and are defined as areas that are established for the long-term, and managed through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. Currently, Fisheries and Oceans Canada has a number of MPAs designated under the Oceans Act and Areas of Interest for new MPAs at various stages of progress towards designation. These areas are ecologically significant, with species and/or features that require special management consideration. An Oceans Act MPA can be established for any of the six conservation purposes outlined in the Act: • The conservation and protection of commercial and non-commercial fishery resources, including marine mammals, and their habitats; • The conservation and protection of endangered or threatened marine species, and their habitats; • The conservation and protection of unique habitats; • The conservation and protection of marine areas of high biodiversity or biological productivity; • The conservation and protection of any other marine resource or habitat as is necessary to fulfill the mandate of the Minister; and • The conservation and protection of marine areas for the purposes of maintaining ecological integrity
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The spatial planning framework for Canada's national network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is comprised of 13 ecologically defined bioregions that cover Canada's oceans and the Great Lakes. Note that the geographic boundaries for the bioregions are fuzzy and may change based on ecosystemic conditions. Detailed descriptions and discussions on the federal network of marine bioregions can be found in: - DFO. 2009. Development of a Framework and Principles for the Biogeographic Classification of Canadian Marine Areas. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2009/056 (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/sar-as/2009/2009_056-eng.htm); - DFO. 2010. Proceedings of a National Science Advisory Process to Provide Guidance on the Development of a Framework and Principles for the Biogeographic Classification of Canadian Marine Areas; 15-16 June 2009. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Proceed. Ser. 2009/039. (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/publications/pro-cr/2009/2009_039-eng.htm); and - National Framework for Canada's Network of Marine Protected Areas (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/oceans/publications/mpanf-cnzpm/page01-eng.html).
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The selection of an Area of Interest (AOI) marks the beginning of the Oceans Act Marine Protected Area (MPA) establishment process led by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The process includes completing detailed ecological and socioeconomic assessments, setting conservation objectives, determining boundaries and management measures, and eventually developing the regulations under section 35 of the Oceans Act. Collaboration, consultation, and engagement occurs with stakeholders and partners throughout each step of this process.
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Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) are areas within Canada's oceans that have been identified through formal scientific assessments as having special biological or ecological significance when compared with the surrounding marine ecosystem. Failure to define an area as an EBSA does not mean that it is unimportant ecologically. All areas serve ecological functions to some extent and require sustainable management. Rather, areas identified as EBSAs should be viewed as the most important areas where, with existing knowledge, regulators and marine users should be particularly risk averse to ensure ecosystems remain healthy and productive. Why are EBSAs identified? EBSA information is used to inform marine planning, including environmental assessment and the siting of marine-based activities, by: - Informing and guiding project-specific or regional environmental assessments; - Informing and guiding industries and regulators in their planning and operations, for example: EBSAs have been acknowledged and referred to (often as "Special Areas" or "Potentially Sensitive Areas") in oil and gas related assessments; - EBSA information has been provided to proponents of submarine cable projects to be used for route planning purposes; - Informing and guiding Integrated Oceans Management (IOM) process within five Large Ocean Management Areas (LOMAs) and twelve marine bioregions; - Serving as a basis for the identification of Areas of Interest (AOIs) and of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) (individually and in the context of planning bioregional networks of MPAs). How are EBSAs identified? The process used to identify EBSAs is generally comprised of two phases. The first phase involves compiling scientific data and knowledge of a marine area's ecosystems - notably fish species, marine mammals, sea birds, marine flora, marine productivity, physical and chemical conditions and geology. "Knowledge" includes experiential knowledge of long-time uses of the areas. In some cases (e.g., in the Arctic), substantial efforts are taken to collect traditional knowledge on ecosystems and environmental conditions from community members, fish harvests, hunters and individuals whose knowledge of the study area complement often helps fill scientific data gaps. In the second phase, the available information for a marine area (e.g. a bioregion) is assessed against five nationally-established science-based criteria including: - Uniqueness: How distinct is the ecosystem of an area compared to surrounding ones? - Aggregation: Whether or not species populate or convene to the study area? - Fitness consequence: How critical the area is to the life history of the species that use it (e.g. is it a spawning or feeding ground)? - Naturalness: How pristine or disturbed by human activities is the study area? - Resilience: What is the ability of the ecosystem to bounce back if it is disturbed? Progress to date and next steps EBSAs have been identified for large portions of Canada's Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as most of the Arctic oceans. EBSAs will continue to be identified in priority areas as resources become available to carry out the process. The boundaries or locations of existing EBSAs may be modified to reflect both new knowledge and changing environmental conditions.
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The provided microplastic dataset was generated during The Ocean Race Europe in May-June 2021. The samples were collected onboard two 65’ one-design yachts known as VolvoOcean65, called AmberSail2 and AkzoNobel Ocean Racing in the Baltic Sea, North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The instruments used for underway measurements were the same as used in Tanuha et al., 2020. The system consists of a specially built OceanPack RACE manufactured by SubCtech GmbH in Kiel, which was connected to a microplastic filtration unit built by bbe Moldaenke GmbH. (Data submission https://www.emodnet-ingestion.eu/submissions/submissions_details.php?menu=39&tpd=232&step=0103_001volvo%20ocean%20race). The mixed-layer surface water (~1.5 m depending on the heel of the yachts) was sampled in the Baltic Sea, North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The laboratory analysis of collected samples was undertaken by GEOMAR (Kiel), under the supervision of Aaron Beck and Toste Tanuha. The data variables includes GPS positions, time, temperature, salinity, flow rates and durations, sample ID, measured microplastic fiber, fragments and total concentration in [particles/m³]. Respetive concentrations of fiber and fragments are also provided for different colors: blue,red, orange, pink, yellow, green, black, clear, purple, grey, brown. Acknowledgements go to 11th Hour, teams AmberSail2 (Tomas Ivanauskas,Regimantas Buozius) and AkzoNobel (Liz Wardley), TheOcean Race Sustainability and Science programmes, bbe Moldaenke GmbH and SubCtech GmbH.
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A modelling analysis conducted by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) identified these areas as the most suitable habitat for Blue whales: Gulf of St. Lawrence, waters off the southern coast of Newfoundland, the region of Mecatina Trough, the Esquiman Channel and the continental shelf margin off Nova Scotia. They represent important areas for foraging, feeding and socializing for Blue whales. The sources of data used to determine these important areas (by the enclosing boxes method) and the annual and seasonal cycles of Blue whale travel patterns include, but are not limited to, radio and satellite telemetry, passive acoustic monitoring, line-transect aerial surveys, anecdotal reports of observations and modelling. This layer does not represent the general distribution of the Blue whale. Important areas have been identified by reviewing several sources of information and to the best of researchers' knowledge. Several information about Blue whales, their behaviour and habitat use are still unknown. Data is scarce in some areas during winter periods. Observation efforts mostly occur during the summer period, however, data sources can validate their presence during seasons when the observation effort is lower. The Mecatina trough region represents an important area based on historical and non-current data. The presence data per month refers strictly to the information available in the cited research document, and does not express the absence of the species outside the months when a presence was validated. The presented information is valid until the following research survey. Reference: Lesage, V., J.-F. Gosselin, J. W. Lawson, I. McQuinn, H. Moors-Murphy, S. Plourde, R. Sears. and Y. Simard. 2018. Habitats important to blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) in the Western North Atlantic. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2016/080: iv + 50 p.
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1999 to 2023 surface temperature and salinity measured along the track of commercial ships, mostly between Montreal (Quebec) and St. John's (Newfoundland). Monitoring of surface water conditions in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence is carried out with different complementary methods such as thermosalinographs (TSG) installed on commercial ships. These ships are sailing all year long from Montreal to St. John’s, one round trip per week, and are sampling water near the surface (3 to 8 meters deep) to determine the temperature and salinity all along the route. Purpose The recorded data are used as input to numerical forecasting models for sea ice conditions and as a monitoring tool for the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Annual reports are available at the Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS), (http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/index-eng.htm). Galbraith, P.S., Chassé, J., Caverhill, C., Nicot, P., Gilbert, D., Lefaivre, D. and Lafleur, C. 2018. Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2017. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2018/050. v + 79 p.