OneSoil employs a proprietary machine learning (ML) model based on state-of-the-art instance segmentation to detect field boundaries. Utilizing raw Sentinel-2 data aggregated according to local vegetation season maps and an additional upscaling module to enhance boundary accuracy, we ensure precise results. OneSoil’s data preprocessing involves the utilization of their cloud detector module and local season mapping.

Layer that includes the known information on the american shad breeding areas in the St. Lawrence River and Estuary according to a literature review of documents produced between 1976 and 1997. Additional Information American shad's breeding areas were produced according to a literature review of the following documents: Blais, J.-P. et V. Legendre. 1976. La ouananiche, Salmo salar, du lac Tremblant, Québec. Québec, Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Direction régionale de Montréal, Rapp. tech. 06-11, 116 p. Boulet, M., J. Leclerc et P. Dumont. 1995. Programme triennal d'étude sur le suceur cuivré. Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Faune, Service de l'aménagement et de l'exploitation de la faune, Montréal, Rapp. d'étape, 61 p. Boulet, M., Y. Chagnon et J. Leclerc. 1996. Recherche et caractérisation des aires de fraye des suceurs cuivré et ballot au bief d'aval du barrage de Saint-Ours (rivière Richelieu) en 1992. Québec, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Faune, Service de l'aménagement et de l'exploitation de la faune, Longueuil, Rapp. trav. 06-38, xi + 37 p. Dumont, P. et R. Fortin. 1977. Relations entre les niveaux d'eau printaniers et la reproduction du Grand Brochet du Haut-Richelieu et de la baie Missisquoi. Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des sciences biologiques, pour le Bureau international Champlain Richelieu, Comité d'impact sur l'environnement, x + 108 p. Dumont, P. et S. Desjardins. 1989. Lettre adressée à M. André Poulin du Département de géographie, Université de Sherbrooke, au sujet de la faune et les habitats de la portion aval de la rivière aux Brochets. Québec, Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Direction régionale de Montréal. Dumont, P., J. Leclerc et L. Bouthillier. 1989a. Données d'inventaire, baie Brazeau, rivière des Outaouais, été 1989. Québec, Ministère du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Service de l'aménagement et de l'exploitation de la faune, Montréal. [Données non publiées]. Environnement Illimité inc. 1994. Centrale Les Cèdres - Nouvel aménagement. Avant-projet phase 2, études environnementales. Description du milieu biologique. Volumes 1 et 2. Rapport préparé pour la Vice-Présidence Environnement Hydro-Québec, Service production, réfection et localisation, 241 p. + annexes. Fournier, P. et L.-M. Soyez. 1988. Étude de l'utilisation faunique printanière du marais de Rosemère. Québec, Ministre du Loisir, de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Service de l'aménagement et de l'exploitation de la faune, Montréal, 13 p. Gagnon, M., Y. Ménard et J.-F. La Rue. 1993. Caractérisation et évaluation des habitats du poisson dans la zone de transition saline du Saint-Laurent. Rapp. tech. can. sci. halieut. aquat. 1920: viii + 104 p. Gendron, M. 1986. Rivière-des-Prairies. Aménagement d'un haut-fond, printemps 1986. Groupe de recherche SEEEQ ltée pour la Direction Environnement d'Hydro-Québec, 103 p. Gendron, M. 1987. Rivière-des-Prairies. Suivi de l'aménagement d'un haut-fond, printemps 1987. Le Groupe de recherche SEEEQ ltée pour la Direction Environnement d'Hydro-Québec, 60 p. Gendron, M. 1988. Rivière-des-Prairies. Suivi de l'aménagement du haut-fond, synthèse 1982-1988. Le Groupe de recherche SEEEQ ltée pour le Service de recherche en environnement et santé publique, Vice-Présidence Environnement, Hydro-Québec, 95 p. Guay, G. et M. Couillard. 1985. Étude de l'utilisation printannière et autonmale des rapides de Lachine par les poissons. Environnement Illimité inc. pour le Secrétariat Archipel, 167 pages + annexes. Laramée, P. 1983. La vie printanière dans les rapides de Lachine : Reproduction des poissons. Éco-Recherches inc. pour Vice-Présidence Environnement Hydro-Québec et le Secrétariat Archipel, 30 p. + 7 annexes. Leclerc, J. 1983. La montaison de l'Alose savoureuse dans la rivière des Mille Iles en 1983. Rapport réalisé par Bio-Conseil inc. pour le compte du Service des études hydrauliques et écologiques, Ministère de l'Environnement du Québec, 45 p. Letendre, M., B. Dumas et M. Beaudoin. 1990. Inventaire de la rivière des Prairies, au niveau de l'île de Pierre. Québec, Ministère du Loisir de la Chasse et de la Pêche, Service de l'aménagement et de l'exploitation de la faune, Montréal. [Travaux en cours]. Provost, J., L. Verret et P. Dumont. 1984. L'Alose savoureuse au Québec : synthèse des connaissances biologiques et perspectives d'aménagement d'habitats. Canada, Ministère des Pêches et Océans, Direction de la recherche sur les pêches, Laboratoire de Québec, Rapport manuscrit canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques no 1793, xi + 114 p. Thérrien, J., H. Marquis, G Shooner et P. Bérubé.1991. Caractérisation des habitats recherchés pour la fraie des principales espèces de poisson du fleuve Saint-Laurent (Cornwall à Montmagny). Étude réalisée pas le Groupe Environnement Shooner inc. Pour le compte du Ministère des Pêches et des Océans du Canada. 16 p.

The data layer (.shp) presented is the result of an unsupervised classification method for classifying seafloor habitat on German Bank (off South West Nova Scotia, Canada). This method involves separating environmental variables derived from multibeam bathymetry (Slope, Curvature) and backscatter (principal components: Q1, Q2, and Q3) into spatial units (i.e. pixels) and classifying the acoustically separated units into 5 habitat classes (Reef, Glacial Till, Silt, Silt with Bedforms, and Sand with Bedforms) using in situ data (imagery). Benthoscape classes (synonymous to landscape classifications in terrestrial ecology) describe the geomorphology and biology of the seafloor and are derived from elements of the seafloor that were acoustically distinguishable. Unsupervised classifications (acoustic classifications) optimized at 15 classes using Idrisi CLUSTER method (pixel based) Number representing the benthoscape classes (CLASS) derived from in situ imagery and video (See Brown et al., 2012, Figure 3, Table 1). Benthoscape classes (See Brown et al., 2012, Figure 3). Reference: Brown, C. J., Sameoto, J. A., & Smith, S. J. (2012). Multiple methods, maps, and management applications: Purpose made seafloor maps in support of ocean management. Journal of Sea Research, 72, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2012.04.009 Cite this data as: Brown, C. J., Sameoto, J. A., & Smith, S. J. Data of: Benthoscape Map of German Bank. Published: February 2021. Population Ecology Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/b7f81d4a-2cb6-4393-b35b-e536ec63e834

A global decline in seagrass populations has led to renewed calls for their conservation as important providers of biogenic and foraging habitat, shoreline stabilization, and carbon storage. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) occupies the largest geographic range among seagrass species spanning a commensurately broad spectrum of environmental conditions. In Canada, eelgrass is managed as a single phylogroup despite occurring across three oceans and a range of ocean temperatures and salinity gradients. Previous research has focused on applying relatively few markers to reveal population structure of eelgrass, whereas a whole genome approach is warranted to investigate cryptic structure among populations inhabiting different ocean basins and localized environmental conditions. We used a pooled whole-genome re-sequencing approach to characterize population structure, gene flow, and environmental associations of 23 eelgrass populations ranging from the Northeast United States, to Atlantic, subarctic, and Pacific Canada. We identified over 500,000 SNPs, which when mapped to a chromosome-level genome assembly revealed six broad clades of eelgrass across the study area, with pairwise FST ranging from 0 among neighbouring populations to 0.54 between Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Genetic diversity was highest in the Pacific and lowest in the subarctic, consistent with colonization of the Arctic and Atlantic oceans from the Pacific less than 300 kya. Using redundancy analyses and two climate change projection scenarios, we found that subarctic populations are predicted to be more vulnerable to climate change through genomic offset predictions. Conservation planning in Canada should thus ensure that representative populations from each identified clade are included within a national network so that latent genetic diversity is protected, and gene flow is maintained. Northern populations, in particular, may require additional mitigation measures given their potential susceptibility to a rapidly changing climate. Cite this data as: Jeffery, Nicholas et al. (2024). Data from: Variation in genomic vulnerability to climate change across temperate populations of eelgrass (Zostera marina) [Dataset]. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xpnvx0kp2

The data in this layer represents habitat suitability of soft-shelled clams (Mya arenaria) in the DFO Maritimes region, and was developed using an interdepartmental approach. Substrate classification data as well as bathymetric data for the Region were used to identify potential habitat for soft-shelled clams. Substrates identified as suitable included: sand, mud, sand and mud (Greenlaw, 2022). Contours (0m and 70m) from GEBCO bathymetric data were used to isolate depths between which soft-shelled clams are present. At this stage, a polygon reflecting soft substrates from 0-70m was created as "Suitable". A "Not Suitable" layer was similarly created using the substrates: boulders, continuous bedrock, discontinuous bedrock, gravel, mixed sediment, sand and gravel. To digitally validate the model, the Regional shoreline was divided into subsectors (developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada for the Canadian Shellfish Sanitation Program). Data from DFO (clam harvesting intensity) as well as Conservation and Protection (clam harvesting infraction locations) were used to established species presence within each sub-sector. If there had been any harvesting activity, legal or illegal, in an individual subsector, it was considered "Suitable and Validated". Merged into one final product, the model includes areas that are "Not Suitable", "Suitable", as well as "Suitable and Validated" for soft-shelled clam habitat. Cite this data as: Harvey, C., Vincent, M., Greyson, P., Hamer, A. (2024) Data of: A Soft-Shelled Clam (Mya arenaria) Habitat Suitability Model For The DFO Maritimes Region. Published: January 2024. Coastal Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. Andrews, N.B. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/c76f7813-d802-4b31-8ebe-476f8a7cacf2

Spiny dogfish (Squlaus acanthias), is a species found in Atlantic Canadian waters which is encountered mostly in commercial fisheries. Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags (PSAT) from Wildlife Computers were applied to spiny dogfish from 2008 to 2009 to collect data on depth (pressure), temperature and ambient light level (for position estimation). Deployments were conducted in Canada on commercial fishing vessels from August to October. Wildlife Computers PSAT Mk10 (N=6) were used and 3 of 6 tags reported. One tag was found washed up on shore and was returned. The spiny dogfish tagged ranged in size from 80 cm to 96 cm Fork Length (curved); all 6 were female. Time at liberty ranged from 75 – 234 days and the 43 tags that reported remained on the sharks for the programmed duration. Raw data transmitted from the PSAT’s after release was processed through Wildlife Computers software (GPE3) to get summary files, assuming a maximum swimming speed of 2m/s, NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution data set for SST reference and ETOPO1-Bedrock dataset for bathymetry reference. The maximum likelihood position estimates are available in .csv and .kmz format and depth and temperature profiles are also in .csv format. Other tag outputs as well as metadata from the deployments can be obtained upon request from: warren.joyce@dfo-mpo.gc.ca or heather.bowlby@dfo-mpo.gc.ca.

The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), is a species found in Atlantic Canadian waters which is mostly encountered “basking” on the surface waters and sometimes caught accidentally in commercial fisheries. One Pop-up Satellite Archival Tag (PSAT Mk10) from Wildlife Computers was applied to a single female basking shark in September 2008 on a commercial vessel to collect data on depth (pressure), temperature and ambient light level (for position estimation). The basking shark was 610 cm Total Length (curved). The tag released on the pre-programmed date 125 days after deployment. Raw data transmitted from the PSAT’s after release was processed through Wildlife Computers software (GPE3) to get summary files, assuming a maximum swimming speed of 2m/s, NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution data set for SST reference and ETOPO1-Bedrock dataset for bathymetry reference. The maximum likelihood position estimates are available in .csv and .kmz format and depth and temperature profiles are also in .csv format. Other tag outputs as well as metadata from the deployment can be obtained upon request from: warren.joyce@dfo-mpo.gc.ca or heather.bowlby@dfo-mpo.gc.ca.

Polyline layer of the shuttle circuit of the Shawinigan Public Transport Board (RTCS) on the territory of the city of Shawinigan. ! [Shawinigan logo] (https://jmap.shawinigan.ca/doc/photos/LogoShawinigan.jpg) ! [RTCS logo] (https://jmap.shawinigan.ca/doc/photos/RTCS-Copie.jpg) **Attributes** * _objectid_ (_OID_): * _st_length (shape) _ (_Double_): Length * _schedule_ (_String_): For more information, consult the metadata on the Isogeo catalog (OpenCatalog link).**This third party metadata element was translated using an automated translation tool (Amazon Translate).**

In 2020, the Earth Observation Team of the Science and Technology Branch (STB) at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) repeated the process of generating annual crop inventory digital maps using satellite imagery to for all of Canada, in support of a national crop inventory. A Decision Tree (DT) based methodology was applied using optical (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2) based satellite images, and having a final spatial resolution of 30m. In conjunction with satellite acquisitions, ground-truth information was provided by: provincial crop insurance companies in Alberta, Manitoba, & Quebec; point observations from the PEI Department of Environment, Water and Climate Change; the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; and data collection supported by our regional AAFC Research and Development Centres in St. John’s, Charlottetown, Fredericton, and Guelph. Due to COVID-19 travel restrictions, complete sampling coverages in NL, NS, NB and BC were not possible, as a result the general agriculture class (120) is found in these provinces in areas where there was no ground data collected.

Wang, Z., Greenan, B.J.W., Hannah, C.G., and Layton, C. 2025. Past and future sea surface temperature changes in the oceans surrounding Canada. Can. Tech. Rep. Hydrogr. Ocean. Sci. 404: v + 44 p This study presents changes in the sea surface temperature (SST) in the oceans surrounding Canada using past observations and model projections of future scenarios. The past changes are derived using an SST product, HadISST, in which a recent period (2012-2022) was referenced to a 26-year climatology (1955- 1980). The future changes in SST are estimated using a 22-member ensemble of CMIP6 models. The SST changes for overlapping periods from the CMIP6 ensemble and the HadISST in the 10 regions of the Canadian shelf waters are in general agreement, although the CMIP6 results tend to overestimate the observed changes by about 0.1 oC. One exception to this is the Scotian Shelf where the CMIP6 models underestimate the observed SST change. The Gulf of Maine, Scotian Shelf, Gulf of St. Lawrence and southern Newfoundland shelf are the regions with the largest observed SST increases around Canada. The Gulf of St. Lawrence has the highest correlation (r=0.65) with the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) among the subregions in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the British Columbia Shelf is correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (r=0.58). Under the four climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6 to SSP5-8.5), among the mid-century (2040-2059) annual mean SST changes (reference period of 1990-2014) in the 10 regions, the Gulf of St. Lawrence is projected to have the largest increases in temperature (1.8 – 2.5oC), and Baffin Bay has the smallest increases (0.5 – 0.9oC), However, for the summer means, the southern Beaufort Sea has the largest SST increase (2.4 - 3.1oC) with Baffin Bay having the smallest changes (1.3-2.1oC). Cite this data as: Wang, Z., Greenan, B.J.W., Hannah, C.G., and Layton, C. (2025) Data of: Past and Future Sea Surface Temperature Changes in the Oceans Surrounding Canada. Published: October 2025. Ocean Ecosystems Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/3c336e55-4266-406a-922d-bbf8e717558c