A set of mean fields for temperature and salinity for the Arctic Seas and environs are available for viewing and downloading. Area: The area encompassed is all longitudes from 60°N to 90°N latitudes. Horizontal resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on a 1°x1° and a 1/4°x1/4° latitude/longitude grid. Time resolution: All climatologies for all variables use all available data regardless of year of measurement. Climatologies were calculated for annual (all-data), seasonal, and monthly time periods. Seasons are as follows: Winter (Jan.-Mar.), Spring (Apr.-Jun.), Summer (Jul.-Aug.), Fall (Oct.-Dec.). Vertical resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on 87 standard levels with higher vertical resolution than the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), but levels extend from the surface to 4000 m. Units: Temperature units are °C. Salinity is unitless on the Practical Salinity Scale-1978 [PSS]. Data used: All data from the area found in the World Ocean Database (WOD) as of the end of 2011. For a description of this dataset, please see World Ocean Database 2009 IntroductionMethod: The method followed for calculation of the mean climatological fields is detailed in the following publications: Temperature: Locarnini et al., 2010, Salinity: Antonov et al., 2010. Additional details on the 1/4° climatological calculation are found in Boyer et al., 2005, from: <a href="http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic/" target="_blank">NOAA</a> Reference: Boyer, T.P., O.K. Baranova, M. Biddle, D.R. Johnson, A.V. Mishonov, C. Paver, D. Seidov and M. Zweng (2012), Arctic Regional Climatology, Regional Climatology Team, NOAA/NODC, source: <a href="www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic" target="_blank">NOAA</a>

The MODIS Sea Surface Temperature (SST) product provided is a 4km spatialresolution monthly composite made from nighttime measurements from the Aqua Satellite.The nighttime measurements are used to collect a consistent temperature measurement that isunaffected by the warming of the top layer of water by the sun.

A set of mean fields for temperature and salinity for the Arctic Seas and environs are available for viewing and downloading. Area: The area encompassed is all longitudes from 60°N to 90°N latitudes. Horizontal resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on a 1°x1° and a 1/4°x1/4° latitude/longitude grid. Time resolution: All climatologies for all variables use all available data regardless of year of measurement. Climatologies were calculated for annual (all-data), seasonal, and monthly time periods. Seasons are as follows: Winter (Jan.-Mar.), Spring (Apr.-Jun.), Summer (Jul.-Aug.), Fall (Oct.-Dec.). Vertical resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on 87 standard levels with higher vertical resolution than the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), but levels extend from the surface to 4000 m. Units: Temperature units are °C. Salinity is unitless on the Practical Salinity Scale-1978 [PSS]. Data used: All data from the area found in the World Ocean Database (WOD) as of the end of 2011. For a description of this dataset, please see World Ocean Database 2009 Introduction Method: The method followed for calculation of the mean climatological fields is detailed in the following publications: Temperature: Locarnini et al., 2010, Salinity: Antonov et al., 2010. Additional details on the 1/4° climatological calculation are found in Boyer et al., 2005, from: <a href="http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic/" target="_blank">NOAA</a> Reference: Boyer, T.P., O.K. Baranova, M. Biddle, D.R. Johnson, A.V. Mishonov, C. Paver, D. Seidov and M. Zweng (2012), Arctic Regional Climatology, Regional Climatology Team, NOAA/NODC, source: <a href="www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic" target="_blank">NOAA</a>

A set of mean fields for temperature and salinity for the Arctic Seas and environs are available for viewing and downloading. Area: The area encompassed is all longitudes from 60°N to 90°N latitudes. Horizontal resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on a 1°x1° and a 1/4°x1/4° latitude/longitude grid. Time resolution: All climatologies for all variables use all available data regardless of year of measurement. Climatologies were calculated for annual (all-data), seasonal, and monthly time periods. Seasons are as follows: Winter (Jan.-Mar.), Spring (Apr.-Jun.), Summer (Jul.-Aug.), Fall (Oct.-Dec.). Vertical resolution: Temperature and salinity are available on 87 standard levels with higher vertical resolution than the World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09), but levels extend from the surface to 4000 m. Units: Temperature units are °C. Salinity is unitless on the Practical Salinity Scale-1978 [PSS]. Data used: All data from the area found in the World Ocean Database (WOD) as of the end of 2011. For a description of this dataset, please see World Ocean Database 2009 IntroductionMethod: The method followed for calculation of the mean climatological fields is detailed in the following publications: Temperature: Locarnini et al., 2010, Salinity: Antonov et al., 2010. Additional details on the 1/4° climatological calculation are found in Boyer et al., 2005, from: <a href="http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic/" target="_blank">NOAA</a> Reference: Boyer, T.P., O.K. Baranova, M. Biddle, D.R. Johnson, A.V. Mishonov, C. Paver, D. Seidov and M. Zweng (2012), Arctic Regional Climatology, Regional Climatology Team, NOAA/NODC, source: <a href="www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/regional_climate/arctic" target="_blank">NOAA</a>

Figure 3-2 Long-term water temperature trends (1970–2017) for the Utsjoki Nuorgam station in the River Tana (69°N in Finland). The diagram shows the number of days per year with a mean temperature exceeding 5°C. The data show that from 1995 to 2017, this indicator increased by over 0.5 days per year. Data source: Finnish Meteorological Institute. State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report - Chapter 3 - Page 15 - Figure 2-1

This CLIMATE CHANGE service is a component of a hybrid WEB/GIS online mapping application developed by Environment Canada (EC) with funding support from the Climate Change Action Fund (CCAF) and GeoConnections. It gives access to analyses of both historical climate data, and projected climate change scenarios, developed from the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), using global grid scale projections from the Canadian Global Circulation Model 1 (CGCM1), running the Green House Gas plus Aerosol emissions experiment (GHG+A1). Downscaled scenarios are available for three meteorological parameters; maximum daily temperature (Tmax); daily minimum temperature (Tmin), and total daily precipitation (Pcpn). Analyses were performed at 14 sites in Atlantic Canada for the historical period (1961-90), and for projections into the 2020's (2011-2040), the 2050's (2041-2070), and the 2080's (2071-2100). In addition extremes for maximum annual total 24-hour precipitation were analyzed using GUMBEL EV1 statistics for the 50 and 100 year return period values projected out to 2100. STARDEX (Statistical and Regional dynamical Downscaling of Extremes for European regions) software was used to identify meteorological extremes (both seasonal and annual) for some 24 precipitation and 33 temperature indices out to 2100.

[ARCHIVED] Recommendation is to discontinue the “Nova Scotia Groundwater Observation Well Temperature Data”. This is for scientific / technical reasons. The data was never designed to be collected as a dataset on its own, but is used by sensors to create a correction facter for other data (groundwater levels). Developments in academic research show that the type of water wells we monitor for groundwater levels do not have the correct design for measuring temperature, with issues that include the potential within wells for thermal convection cells that cause groundwater temperature readings to fluctuate inconsistently. Groundwater temperatures have been recorded from the NS Groundwater Observation Well monitoring network since 2003. This temperature data is presented as daily averages and may be influenced by a number of variable factors including air temperature, well construction, depth, geology and groundwater conditions.

The MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) product provided is a monthlycomposite configured on a 0.05° Climate Model Grid (CMG). It includes both daytime andnighttime surface temperatures, taken at 11 um and 4 um (night). This product has beenscaled. To convert the raster values to a Kelvin temperature scale, multiply by a factor of 0.02.

The province of PEI has been monitoring dissolved oxygen in some Island estuaries since 2015. This dataset contains data collected from 2015 to 2021. Monitoring results from later years can also be found on the Prince Edward Island open data portal.This dataset includes raw data from 20 Island estuaries from across PEI; mapped locations of monitoring sites; and downloadable raw data. The data includes dissolved oxygen concentration, dissolved oxygen saturation, water temperature and instrument depth. Data is usually collected between May and October of each year. 18 estuaries are monitored on a 3 year rotating cycle with at least 6 of these 18 monitored in any given year. Another 2 estuaries are monitored every year. 2 locations are monitored in each estuary; the Upper Estuary location represents the upper 10% boundary of the estuary’s surface area, is closest to the freshwater inputs and should display signs of eutrophication if they are present; the Mid Estuary location represents the mid-point or 50% boundary of the surface area of the estuary. The Mid Estuary site may have two loggers, one placed about 0.5 m the bottom substrate and one placed about 0.5 m from the surface of the water. Data may be used to determine hourly fluctuations in oxygen, the degree of eutrophication, and the presence and duration of anoxia and hypoxia. Temperature and instrument depth (not the same as water depth at the site) data are also collected and available for use.