List of schools offering French programs.

Satellite-based forest area consistent with FAO definitions for Canada. It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). The forest area is based on the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) definition. The FAO definition incorporates land use, whereby trees removed by fire and harvesting for instance, remain forest as the trees will return. The included map displays the current forest cover for year as noted (i.e. 2022), plus the satellite-based temporally informed forest area where tree cover has been temporarily lost due to stand replacing disturbances (i.e., fire, harvest). For an overview of the methods, data, image processing, as well as information on accuracy assessment see Wulder et al. (2020). Open Access: Wulder, M.A., T. Hermosilla, G. Stinson, F.A. Gougeon, J.C. White, D.A. Hill, B.P. Smiley. (2020). Satellite-based time series land cover and change information to map forest area consistent with national and international reporting requirements. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 93(3), 331-34, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa0063 . ( Wulder et al. 2020)

This dataset provides various Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry business areas with fundamental forest inventory information needed to meet their program mandates.

Forest Elevation(Ht) Covariance 2015 Coefficient of variation of first returns height (%). Represents the variability in canopy heights relative to the mean canopy height. It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). Products relating the structure of Canada's forested ecosystems have been generated and made openly accessible. The shared products are based upon peer-reviewed science and relate aspects of forest structure including: (i) metrics calculated directly from the lidar point cloud with heights normalized to heights above the ground surface (e.g., canopy cover, height), and (ii) modelled inventory attributes, derived using an area-based approach generated by using co-located ground plot and ALS data (e.g., volume, biomass). Forest structure estimates were generated by combining information from lidar plots (Wulder et al. 2012) with Landsat pixel-based composites (White et al. 2014; Hermosilla et al. 2016) using a nearest neighbour imputation approach with a Random Forests-based distance metric. These products were generated for strategic-level forest monitoring information needs and are not intended to support operational-level forest management. All products have a spatial resolution of 30 m. For a detailed description of the data, methods applied, and accuracy assessment results see Matasci et al. (2018). When using this data, please cite as follows: Matasci, G., Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Coops, N.C., Hobart, G.W., Bolton, D.K., Tompalski, P., Bater, C.W., 2018b. Three decades of forest structural dynamics over Canada's forested ecosystems using Landsat time-series and lidar plots. Remote Sensing of Environment 216, 697-714. Matasci et al. 2018) Geographic extent: Canada's forested ecosystems (~ 650 Mha) Time period: 1985–2011

Dominant Species Map 2015 The data represent dominant tree species for British Columbia forests in 2015, are based upon Landsat data and modeling, with results mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). The map was generated with the Random Forests classifier that used predictor variables derived from Landsat time series including surface reflectance, land cover, forest disturbance, and forest structure, and ancillary variables describing the topography and position. Training and validation samples were derived from the Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI), from a pool of polygons with homogeneous internal conditions and with low discrepancies with the remotely sensed predictions. Local models were applied over 100x100 km tiles that considered training samples from the 5x5 neighbouring tiles to avoid edge effects. An overall accuracy of 72% was found for the species which occupy 80% of the forested areas. Satellite data and modeling have demonstrated the capacity for up-to-date, wall-to-wall, forest attribute maps at sub-stand level for British Columbia, Canada. BC Species Likelihood 2015 The tree species class membership likelihood distribution data included in this product focused on the province of British Columbia, based upon Landsat data and modeling, with results mapped at 30 m spatial resolution. The data represent tree species class membership likelihood in 2015. The map was generated with the Random Forests classifier that used predictor variables derived from Landsat time series including surface reflectance, land cover, forest disturbance, and forest structure, and ancillary variables describing the topography and position. Training and validation samples were derived from the Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI) selecting from a stratified pool of polygons with homogeneous internal conditions and with low discrepancies when related to remotely sensed information. Local models were applied over 100x100 km tiles that, to avoid edge effects, considered training samples from the 5x5 neighbouring tiles. An overall accuracy of 72% was found for the species which occupy 80% of the forested areas. As an element of the mapping process, we also obtain the votes received for each class by the Random Forest models. The votes can be understood as analogous to class membership likelihoods, providing enriched information on land cover class uncertainty for use in modeling. Tree species class membership likelihoods lower than 5% have been masked and converted to zero. When using this data, please cite as: Shang, C., Coops, N.C., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Hermosilla, T., 2020. Update and spatial extension of strategic forest inventories using time series remote sensing and modeling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 84, 101956. DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2019.101956 ( Shang et al. 2020).

Leaf area index (LAI) quantified the density of vegetation irrespective of land cover. LAI quantifies the total foliage surface area per groud surface area. LAI has been identified by the Global Climate Observing System as an essential climate variable required for ecosystem,weather and climate modelling and monitoring. This product consists of annual maps of the maximum LAI during a grownig season (June-July-August) at 100m resolution covering Canada's land mass.

This is a magnitude 5.0 earthquake scenario along the Burlington Toronto Structural Zone — a fault near Toronto and its surrounding region. This fault is not known to be active but demonstrates a plausible earthquake scenario for the Toronto region.

Used within the Travellers Road Information Portal Interactive Map to convey transportation related information in both official languages. This information includes a list of locations of carpool parking lots near dozens of highway interchanges throughout Ontario. This data is best viewed using Google Earth or similar Keyhole Markup Language (KML) compatible software. For instructions on how to use Google Earth, read the [Google Earth tutorial](http://www.google.com/earth/index.html) **.** This data set is now available via the Ontario 511 Developer API at *[KML]: Keyhole Markup Language This data is related to: * This data set is now available via the [Ontario 511 Developer API](https://511on.ca/developers/doc)

This dataset provides treed area dynamics across Canada's 650 Mha forested ecosystems from 1984 to 2022, derived from Landsat-based annual land cover layers at a 30-m spatial resolution. It is developed within the framework of Canada’s National Terrestrial Ecosystem Monitoring System (NTEMS). This dataset identifies areas that remained treed, transitioned to treed (newly treed), or transitioned to other cover that is not treed vegetation (was-treed). The data enable national and regional assessments of long-term changes in treed area, capturing trends in treed area, post-disturbance recovery, and shifts in forest extent. When using this data, please cite as: Hermosilla, T., Wulder, M.A., White, J.C., Bater, C.W., Baral, S.K., Leach, J.A., 2025. Expansion of treed area over Canada’s forested ecosystems: spatial and temporal trends. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 98(5) 786-799. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaf015. (Hermosilla et al. 2025)