Geographic bathymetric grid data at 100 m x 100 m pixel resolution. Datum: WGS84 Collaboration of Canada, the United States of America and the European Union as part of the Atlantic Ocean Research Alliance's fifth project under the Galway Statement. Project mapped the North Atlantic seafloor along a transect from Halifax, Canada to Tromsø, Norway to further the understanding of marine habitats, conservation and navigation. Chief Scientist / Primary Investigator name: Paola Travaglini Platform: CCGS Louis S. St- Laurent (Canadian heavy icebreaker) Device 1 type: Multibeam echo-sounder (sonar) Device 1 manufacturer: Kongsberg Device 1 model: EM122 behind an ice protection window https://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0397.nsf/AllWeb/E016DF00EBFC2964C12571B1003F9DDA/$file/306105_em122_product_specification.pdf Data and Data format: 100 m resolution grid of bathymetry BAG format: Bathymetric Attributed Grid Object https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/noshdb/ons_fsd.pdf Navigation and positioning: Trimble GNSS receiver + antennae Applanix POS/MV v5 inertial measuring system Horizontal Datum: WGS84 (G1762) Tidal correction: Zero tide applied: tides are not well known for the major part of the data and tides over very deep water are generally negligible. Sound Velocity Profile measurements: In-situ sound velocity profiles were applied. Note on accuracy/S-44 survey standards: Considering the intended output from this survey (IHO Order 1a - Areas shallower than 100 metres where under-keel clearance is less critical but features of concern to surface shipping may exist.) and using an average depth of 2000 m as ‘d’ in the IHO Standard Equation - the allowable Total Vertical Uncertainty (TVU) must be < 26m which indeed the data has achieved (by comparison with overlapping datasets from other surveys/agency data). IHO Order 1a Horizontal positioning accuracy: 5.0 m + 5% of depth (95% Confidence level)(~105 m at a mean depth of 2000 m) Vertical positioning accuracy: 2.5 m < 26.0 m = Sqrt((0.5 m)^2+(0.013 x 2000 m)^2)

Climate Normals and Averages are used to summarize or describe the average climatic conditions of a particular location. At the completion of each decade, Environment and Climate Change Canada updates its Climate Normals for as many locations and as many climatic characteristics as possible. The Climate Normals, Averages and Extremes offered here are based on Canadian climate stations with at least 15 years of data between 1981 to 2010.

The Regional Air Quality Deterministic Prediction System FireWork (RAQDPS-FW) carries out physics and chemistry calculations, including emissions from active wildfires, to arrive at deterministic predictions of chemical species concentration of interest to air quality, such as fine particulate matter PM2.5 (2.5 micrometers in diameter or less). Geographical coverage is Canada and the United States. Data is available at a horizontal resolution of 10 km. While the system encompasses more than 80 vertical levels, data is available only for the surface level. The products are presented as historical, annual or monthly, averages which highlight long-term trends in cumulative effects on the environment.

The Regional Deterministic Air Quality Analysis (RDAQA) is an objective analysis of surface pollutants which combines numerical forecasts from the Regional Air Quality Deterministic Prediction System (RAQDPS) and hourly observational data from monitoring surface networks over North America in order to produce a better description of the air quality at every hour. Chemical constituents include 03, SO2, and NO2 gases, as well as fine particulate matter PM2.5 (2.5 micrometers in diameter or less) and coarse particulate matter PM10 (10 micrometers in diameter or less). Geographical coverage is Canada and the United States. Data is available only for the surface level, at a horizontal resolution of 10 km. The products are presented as historical, annual or monthly, averages which highlight long-term trends in cumulative effects on the environment.

The Government of Canada continues to strive to be ever more open and transparent. This means a government that is open by default providing better digital capacity and services for Canadians. Under a modernized Fisheries Act, DFO is committed to building an online Fisheries Act (FA) Registry that facilitates access to data and information, including geospatial data, about projects as well as regulatory process information. As a first step, the Department is releasing information on authorizations that have been issued since August 2019 pursuant to the fish and fish habitat protection provisions of the Fisheries Act on the Open Data Portal. This captures authorizations issued since the coming into force of these amended provisions. The FA Registry will feature a searchable geospatial dataset published on Open Maps. On Open Maps, people in Canada will be able to find and visualize data on a map. Open Maps forms part of a commitment to improve the user experience of the Fisheries Act Registry. Fisheries and Oceans Canada will be undertaking continuous development of the Fisheries Act Registry.

This service provides routeing measures. These include established (mandatory) direction of traffic flow, recommended direction of traffic flow, separation lines, separation zones, limits of restricted routeing measure, limits of routeing measures, precautionary areas, archipelagic sea lanes (axis line and limit beyond which vessels shall not navigate) and fairways designated by regulatory authority.

Historical hydrometric data are standardized water resource data and information. They are collected, interpreted and disseminated by the Water Survey of Canada (WSC) in partnership with the provinces, territories and other agencies through the National Hydrometric Program. These data sets include daily mean, monthly mean, annual maximum and minimum daily mean and instantaneous peak water level and discharge information for over 2700 active and 5080 discontinued hydrometric monitoring stations across Canada.

Photographs of the seabed have been collected during marine expeditions of the Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic and Pacific for over 50 years. Typically, a sequence of 10 to 20 photos are taken at a single station as the vessel drifts with prevailing winds and currents and the camera is repeatedly lowered to and raised from the seafloor. The suite of photos from each station may best be considered a representative ensemble from the proximal area. Only in the more recent expeditions, where differential GPS and ultra-short baseline positioning is used in camera positioning, is the relative positional information given for each photo meaningful in interpreting the sequence as a transect. Reduced-scale, thumbnail photos are displayed for the sequence of photos taken at each station. Each photo is labelled with the expedition id, the station number and the photo number.

Grain size is the most fundamental physical property of sediment, and these data are widely used in a variety of applications in science. Marine expeditions of the Geological Survey of Canada have been collecting grain size information on seabed and sub-seabed samples for over 50 years. Results have been recorded at 5th phi midpoints since the early 1990's in contrast to the earlier full, half or quarter phi interval end point values. Users of high resolution data must note that the sum of %Silt and %Clay equals the total %Mud makeup and that %Gravel, %Sand, %Silt and %Clay sum to 100%. Summary statistics include percentages of gravel, sand, silt, clay and mud as well as mean, kurtosis, skewness and standard deviation. The quality of these data varies. Results should be used with some caution as they may not be fully representative of seabed grainsize, particularly in areas of sandy and coarser sediment (e.g., sand and mud can leak out of the sampler during recovery). Canada makes no representation or warranty of any kind with respect to the accuracy, usefulness, novelty, validity, scope, completeness or currency of the data and expressly disclaims any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose of the data. For the purpose of the web mapping service, grain size data are sorted by the expedition id. Coarse and detailed grain size distribution plots are shown when a point is chosen. If the sample contains more that one sub-sample ( e.g., as with a piston core sequence), the grain size plots are stacked in the display window from the top of the core downwards.

This service provides a compilation of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) produced by the Canadian Hydrographic Service. All information provided by this service conforms to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Publication S-57. An ENC contains all the chart information useful for navigation, and may contain supplementary information in addition to that contained in the paper chart. This service is not for navigation.