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The Agri-Environmental Indicator of Risk of Water Contamination by Phosphorus dataset estimates the relative risk of phosphorus loss from Soil Landscapes of Canada agricultural areas to surface water. The data series for this indicator consists of four (4) datasets: Annual P-Balance, Soil-P-Source, Edge of Field and IROWC-P. Products in this data series present results for predefined areas as defined by the Soil Landscapes of Canada (SLC v.3.2) data series, uniquely identified by SOIL_LANDSCAPE_ID values.

30 Year Spatial Climate Averages are used to describe the average climatic conditions for an area and include variables for maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and climate moisture index. At the end of each decade, scientists at Natural Resources Canada have been creating the newest models for as many climate variables as possible. Using a program called ANUSPLIN and climate data points, models for Canada and the United States are created. The NRCan Climate Averages are a large suite of datasets that can be used to compare weather of the past and present to help predict the future climate. The 30 year averages are computed for a uniform 30 year period and consists of the 12 monthly averages computed over the 30 year time period. The 30-year periods included in this series are: 1901-1930; 1921-1950; 1931-1960; 1951-1980; 1961-1990; 1971-2000; 1981-2010; 1991-2020. These are standard 30-year WMO (World Meteorological Organization) periods. Although this data has been processed successfully on a computer system at the Canadian Forest Service, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data. The Canadian Forest Service shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.

Statistically downscaled multi-model ensembles of maximum temperature are available at a 10km spatial resolution for 1951-2100. Statistically downscaled ensembles are based on output from twenty-four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCM). Daily maximum temperature from GCM outputs were downscaled using the Bias Correction/Constructed Analogues with Quantile mapping version 2 (BCCAQv2). A historical gridded maximum temperature dataset of Canada (ANUSPLIN) was used as the downscaling target. The 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of the monthly, seasonal and annual ensembles of downscaled maximum temperature (°C) are available for the historical time period, 1951-2005, and for emission scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for 2006-2100. Note: Projections among climate models can vary because of differences in their underlying representation of earth system processes. Thus, the use of a multi-model ensemble approach has been demonstrated in recent scientific literature to likely provide better projected climate change information.

Seasonal and annual trends of relative total precipitation change (%) for 1948-2012 based on Canadian gridded data (CANGRD) are available, at a 50km resolution across Canada. The relative trends reflect the percent change in total precipitation over a period from the baseline value (defined as the average over 1961-1990 as the reference period). CANGRD data are interpolated from adjusted and homogenized climate station data (i.e., AHCCD datasets). Adjusted precipitation data incorporate adjustments to the original station data to account for discontinuities from non-climatic factors, such as instrument changes or station relocation.

30-year Average Number of Days with Temperature above 32 °C are defined as the count of the number of climate days during the month where the maximum daily temperature was greater than 32 °C. These values are calculated across Canada in 10x10 km cells.

The total precipitation over the forecast period (p1w). Week 1 and week 2 forecasted index is available daily from September 1 to August 31. Week 3 and week 4 forecasted index is available weekly (Thursday) from September 1 to August 31. Units: mm Precipitation (moisture availability) establishes the economic yield potential and product quality of field crops. Both dry and wet precipitation extremes have the ability to inhibit proper crop growth. The greatest daily precipitation index covers the risk of excessive precipitation in the short term, while the other indices pertain to longer term moisture availability. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) have together developed a suite of extreme agrometeorological indices based on four main categories of weather factors: temperature, precipitation, heat, and wind. The extreme weather indices are intended as short-term prediction tools and generated using ECCC’s medium range forecasts to create a weekly index product on a daily and weekly basis.

Percent of Average Precipitation represents the accumulation of precipitation for a location, divided by the long term average value. The long term average value is defined as the average amount over the 1981 – 2010 period. Products are produced for the following timeframes: Agricultural Year, Growing Season, Winter Season, as well as rolling products for 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 365, 730, 1095, 1460 and 1825 days.

The Probability (likelihood) of frost occurring. The number of days in the forecast period with a minimum temperature below the frost temperature, the temperature at which frost damage occurs. This temperature is 0°C for warm season crops (ffd_warm_prob). Week 1 and week 2 forecasted probability is available daily from April 1 to October 31. Week 3 and week 4 forecasted probability is available weekly (Thursday) from April 1 to October 31. Warm season crops require a relatively warm temperature condition. Typical examples include bean, soybean, corn and sweet potato. They normally grow during the summer season and early fall, then ripen in late fall in southern Canada only. Other agricultural regions in Canada do not always experience sufficiently long growing seasons for these plants to achieve maturity. The optimum temperature for such crops is 30°C. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) have together developed a suite of extreme agrometeorological indices based on four main categories of weather factors: temperature, precipitation, heat, and wind. The extreme weather indices are intended as short-term prediction tools and generated using ECCC’s medium range forecasts to create a weekly index product on a daily and weekly basis.

30-year Average Number of Days with Temperature above 25 °C are defined as the count of the number of climate days during the month where the maximum daily temperature was greater than 25 °C. These values are calculated across Canada in 10x10 km cells.