Hydrography (HY) Iceland is one of 12 themes in the European Location Project (ELF). The purpose of ELF is to create harmonised cross-border, cross-theme and cross-resolution pan-European reference data from national contributions. The goal is to provide INSPIRE-compliant data for Europe. A description of the ELF (European Location Project) is here: http://www.elfproject.eu/content/overview Encoding: INSPIRE version 4

Vatnsföll eru gjarnan flokkuð í þrjá flokka, dragár, lindár og jökulár eftir rennslisháttum. Mörg eru vatnsföllin þó af blönduðum uppruna vegna margbreytileika vatnasviða þeirra. Gagnasettið sýnir greiningu vatnasvæða í vatnafarsflokka, eftir því hvernig svæðið bregst við úrkomu og miðlar henni, og rennslisháttum vatnsfalla sem eiga uppruna sinn á viðkomandi svæði.

Figure 3-2 Long-term water temperature trends (1970–2017) for the Utsjoki Nuorgam station in the River Tana (69°N in Finland). The diagram shows the number of days per year with a mean temperature exceeding 5°C. The data show that from 1995 to 2017, this indicator increased by over 0.5 days per year. Data source: Finnish Meteorological Institute. State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report - Chapter 3 - Page 15 - Figure 2-1

Útlínur dregnar eftir Landsat og SPOT-5 gervihnattamyndum, uppréttum loftmyndum frá Loftmyndum ehf. og skáflugmyndum.

Collection of monitoring products of river ice roughness from current and past winter seasons throughout Canada as monitored by Natural Resources Canada using satellite imagery. This collection of cartographic products regroups river ice state monitoring products and their associated footprints. Three visualization timeframes are available: - **[Active Monitoring of River Ice in Canada](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/7b210c58-2fc7-47c5-8b8a-2605c77d725c)** - **[River Ice in Canada - Current](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8ca6f047-ddef-43d7-81c2-47654f4c69bd)** - **[River Ice in Canada - Archive](https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/5e6b40bf-299f-4e05-87c8-d10b9c8210f9)**

Redundancy analysis of percentage species taxa share (taxa richness relative to richness of all taxa) among 5 FECs (phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish) in 13 Fennoscandian lakes (panels A and B) and among 3 FECs in 39 Fennoscandian lakes (panels C and D).The upper panels show lake ordinations, while the bottom panels show explanatory environmental variables (red arrows), as indicated by permutation tests (p < 0.05). Avg%Richness: average species taxa richness as a percentage of richness of all FECs (i.e., including benthic algae if present); %Richness BMI: relative taxa share in benthic macroinvertebrates; %EvergreenNLF: percentage cover of evergreen needle-leaf forests. State of the Arctic Freshwater Biodiversity Report - Chapter 5 - Page 87 - Figure 5-4

Long-term freshwater quality data from federal and federal-provincial sampling sites throughout Canada's aquatic ecosystems are included in this dataset. Measurements regularly include physical-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, alkalinity, major ions, nutrients and metals. Collection includes data from active sites, as well as historical sites that have a period of record suitable for trend analysis. Sampling frequencies vary according to monitoring objectives. The number of sites in the network varies slightly from year-to-year, as sites are adjusted according to a risk-based adaptive management framework. The Great Lakes are sampled on a rotation basis and not all sites are sampled every year. Data are collected to meet federal commitments related to transboundary watersheds (rivers and lakes crossing international, inter-provincial and territorial borders) or under authorities such as the Department of the Environment Act, the Canada Water Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, or to meet Canada's commitments under the 1969 Master Agreement on Apportionment.

Útlínur byggðar á kortlagningu á jökulgarða og annarra landforma sem jöklar skilja eftir. Einnig er byggt á rituðum heimildum, frásögnum heimamanna og ferðafólks, ljósmyndum og öðrum tiltækum gögnum. Um er að ræða niðurstöður margra rannsóknarhópa. Flestir jöklar náðu hámarksútbreiðslu í kringum 1890, en meðal undantekninga frá því er Drangajökull sem náði mestri útbreiðslu um miðja 19. öld.

The Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network (CABIN) is an aquatic biomonitoring program for assessing the health of fresh water ecosystems in Canada. Benthic macroinvertebrates are collected at a site location and their counts are used as an indicator of the health of that water body. CABIN is based on the network of networks approach that promotes inter-agency collaboration and data-sharing to achieve consistent and comparable reporting on fresh water quality and aquatic ecosystem conditions in Canada. The program is maintained by Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to support the collection, assessment, reporting and distribution of biological monitoring information. A set of nationally standardized CABIN protocols are used for field collection, laboratory work, and analysis of biological monitoring data. A training program is available to certify participants in the standard protocols. There are two types of sites in the CABIN database (reference and test). Reference sites represent habitats that are closest to “natural” before any human impact. The data from reference sites are used to create reference models that CABIN partners use to evaluate their test sites in an approach known as the Reference Condition Approach (RCA). Using the RCA models, CABIN partners match their test sites to groups of reference sites on similar habitats and compare the observed macroinvertebrate communities. The extent of the differences between the test site communities and the reference site communities allows CABIN partners to estimate the severity of the impacts at those locations. CABIN samples have been collected since 1987 and are organized in the database by study (partner project). The data is delineated by the 11 major drainage areas (MDA) found in Canada and each one has a corresponding study, habitat and benthic invertebrate data file. Links to auxiliary water quality data are provided when available. Visits may be conducted at the same location over time with repeat site visits being identified by identical study name / site code with different dates. All data collected by the federal government is available on Open Data and more partners are adding their data continually. The csv files are updated monthly. Contact the CABIN study authority to request permission to access non open data.